Table 6. Summary of results from experimental session three, presented as mean and standard deviations for each outcome measure, across groups (cerebellar patients and controls), stimuli (music and metronome) and conditions (Adaptive, Non-Adaptive, Silence). PwCA: persons with cerebellar ataxia; HC: healthy controls, Min: minutes.

From: Temporal prediction and feedforward control in cerebellar ataxia during spontaneous, instructed, and adaptive auditory-motor coupling while walking

Outcome measures	Group	Adaptive metronome condition				Adaptive music condition				Non-adaptive metronome condition				Non-Adaptive music condition				Silence condition
Outcome measures	Group	Min 1-2	Min 3-4	Min 5-6	Min 7-8	Min 1-2	Min 3-4	Min 5-6	Min 7-8	Min 1-2	Min 3-4	Min 5-6	Min 7-8	Min 1-2	Min 3-4	Min 5-6	Min 7-8	Min 1-2	Min 3-4	Min 5-6	Min 7-8
Resultant Vector Length [0-1]	PwCA	0.86 ± 0.20	0.85 ± 0.20	0.80 ± 0.21	0.80 ± 0.23	0.80 ± 0.20	0.81 ± 0.17	0.81 ± 0.23	0.79 ± 0.20	0.69 ± 0.29	0.75 ± 0.31	0.68 ± 0.33	0.64 ± 0.32	0.61 ± 0.33	0.60 ± 0.31	0.69 ± 0.31	0.63 ± 0.29	-
Resultant Vector Length [0-1]	HC	0.94 ± 0.04	0.96 ± 0.02	0.94 ± 0.05	0.96 ± 0.04	0.91 ± 0.07	0.88 ± 0.013	0.82 ± 0.18	0.87 ± 0.12	0.90 ± 0.06	0.92 ± 0.07	0.87 ± 0.14	0.81 ± 0.26	0.74 ± 0.25	0.77 ± 0.19	0.75 ± 0.26	0.65 ± 0.30	-
Relative Phase Angle [degrees]	PwCA	-38.15 ± 30.85	-31.13 ± 50.68	-21.53 ± 55.89	-34.24 ± 66.79	-24.28 ± 49.41	-12.39 ± 33.59	-12.93 ± 42.08	-10.64 ± 40.68	-44.45 ± 43.23	-50.28 ± 43.32	-18.65 ± 27.35	-36.56 ± 57.14	-8.47 ± 47.51	1.72 ± 64.16 -	-8.33 ± 60.56	23.08 ± 55.08 -	-
Relative Phase Angle [degrees]	HC	-36.81 ± 19.08	-28.56 ± 18.85	-26.01 ± 22.76	-30.56 ± 24.48	-10.86 ± 45.38	2.68 ± 36.37	-2.48 ± 55.73	-16.11 ± 50.94	-45.03 ± 32.61	-34.44 ± 30.57	-36.23 ± 39.87	-38.70 ± 48.90	-20.06 ± 49.25	-19.42 ± 36.73	-6.74 ± 31.87	-6.05 ± 32.15	-
Alpha [0-1]	PwCA	0.83 ± 0.28				0.83 ± 0.28				0.49 ± 0.25				0.65 ± 0.27				0.80 ± 0.16
Alpha [0-1]	HC	0.62 ± 0.21				0.88 ± 0.30				0.33 ± 0.25				0.70 ± 0.27				0.84 ± 0.25
Cadence mean [steps/min]	PwCA	98.81 ± 9.51	98.19 ± 9.58	95.07 ± 7.01	94.69 ± 8,59	97.25 ± 8.66	97.92 ± 7.78	95.88 ± 9.18	94.65 ± 9.711	98.60 ± 10.43	98.15 ± 10.36	97.91 ± 9.96	97.54 ± 9.96	99.69 ± 9.99	99.00 ± 8.77	99.17 ± 9.17	98.86 ± 9.12	101.35 ± 7.12	100.18 ± 6.83	100.03 ± 6.57	99.98 ± 6.72
Cadence mean [steps/min]	HC	104.73 ± 9.41	105.03 ± 9.70	104.24 ± 9.99	105.07 ± 9.62	102.03 ± 12.00	100.60 ± 14.22	100.09 ± 13.79	104.35 ± 9.26	104.95 ± 9.96	105.05 ± 14.22	103.81 ± 9.93	104.06 ± 10.05	105.20 ± 11.74	105.14 ± 11.77	104.99 ± 11.57	104.39 ± 11.50	107.33 ± 10.59	106.34 ± 11.35	105.08 ± 11.44	105.23 ± 11.56
Cadence CV [steps/min]	PwCA	0.03 ± 0.02	0.02 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.02	0.02 ± 0.014	0.03 ± 0.02	0.23 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.02	0.02 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.02	0.02 ± 0.01
Cadence CV [steps/min]	HC	0.02 ± 0.02	0.01 ± 0.00	0.23 ± 0.03	0.01 ± 0.00	0.03 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.03	0.03 ± 0.02	0.02 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.00	0.16 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.02	0.02 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.02	0.3 ± 0.03	0.02 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.00
Stride length mean [meters]	PwCA	1.11 ± 0.14	1.11 ± 1.14	1.08 ± 0.12	1.09 ± 0.13	1.06 ± 0.15	1.06 ± 0.16	1.03 ± 0.16	1.03 ± 0.15	1.10 ± 0.14	1.10 ± 0.15	1.10 ± 0.14	1.11 ± 0.14	1.04 ± 0.18	1.04 ± 0.17	1.03 ± 0.18	1.03 ± 0.19	1.11 ± 0.13	1.10 ± 0.13	1.10 ± 0.15	1.10 ± 0.15
Stride length mean [meters]	HC	1.17 ± 0.18	1.17 ± 0.18	1.17 ± 0.17	1.17 ± 0.17	1.19 ± 0.19	1.18 ± 0.19	1.16 ± 0.21	1.17 ± 0.20	1.21 ± 0.16	1.20 ± 0.15	1.17 ± 0.17	1.18 ± 0.17	1.21 ± 0.21	1.16 ± 0.21	1.14 ± 0.21	1.13 ± 0.20	1.22 ± 0.15	1.22 ± 0.16	1.23 ± 0.16	1.24 ± 0.16
Stride length CV [meters]	PwCA	0.04 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.03	0.04 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.03	0.05 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.04	0.05 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02
Stride length CV [meters]	HC	0.04 ± 0.03	0.03 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.03	0.04 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.01	0.43 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.00	0.02 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.01
Speed mean [meters/second]	PwCA	0.92 ± 0.18	0.92 ± 0.17	0.86 ± 0.12	0.86 ± 0.13	0.86 ± 0.16	0.87 ± 0.16	0.83 ± 0.18	0.82 ± 0.17	0.92 ± 0.19	0.92 ± 0.20	0.91 ± 0.18	0.91 ± 0.18	0.87 ± 0.19	0.86 ± 1.18	0.86 ± 0.18	0.86 ± 0.19	0.94 ± 0.15	0.92 ± 0.14	0.92 ± 0.15	0.92 ± 0.17
Speed mean [meters/second]	HC	1.03 ± 1.20	1.02 ± 0.19	1.02 ± 0.20	1.03 ± 0.19	1.03 ± 0.26	1.00 ± 0.27	0.98 ± 0.28	1.03 ± 0.23	1.06 ± 0.20	1.05 ± 0.19	1.02 ± 0.18	1.02 ± 0.19	1.07 ± 0.27	1.03 ± 0.26	1.00 ± 0.25	0.99 ± 0.24	1.10 ± 0.24	1.09 ± 0.25	1.09 ± 0.24	1.10 ± 0.24
Speed CV [meters/second]	PwCA	0.05 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02	0.07 ± 0.03	0.05 ± 0.02	0.07 ± 0.03	0.06 ± 0.02	0.06 ± 0.03	0.06 ± 0.03	0.05 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.05	0.06 ± 0.03	0.06 ± 0.03	0.06 ± 0.03	0.05 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.04	0.05 ± 0.03
Speed CV [meters/second]	HC	0.05 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.03	0.03 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.03	0.04 ± 0.02	0.06 ± 0.04	0.05 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.02	0.06 ± 0.03	0.04 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.01
Double support mean [% Gait Cycle Time]	PwCA	24.58 ± 3.68	24.93 ± 3.38	25. 62 ± 3.37	25.67 ± 3.59	25.45 ± 4.73	25.62 ± 4.28	26.47 ± 4.55	26.62 ± 4.05	24.46 ± 3.66	24. 74 ± 3.48	25.09 ± 3.54	2512 ± 3.37	25.64 ± 2.84	25.87 ± 3.70	25.94 ± 2.87	25.97 ± 2.84	25.10 ± 2.93	25.44 ± 2.89	25.46 ± 2.99	25.52 ± 3.17
Double support mean [% Gait Cycle Time]	HC	22.00 ± 2.47	22.26 ± 3.33	22.27 ± 2.29	22.23 ± 3.52	21.11 ± 4.55	21.60 ± 4.39	22.45 ± 4.76	21.90 ± 4.27	21.79 ± 3.37	21.99 ± 3.43	22.41 ± 3.42	22.66 ± 3.23	20.76 ± 4.02	21.59 ± 4.37	21.94 ± 4.66	21.80 ± 4.63	21.47 ± 3.96	21.78 ± 4.10	22.03 ± 4.05	21.89 ± 4.01
Double support CV [% Gait Cycle Time]	PwCA	0.06 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.02	0.06 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.02	0.07 ± 0.03	0.06 ± 0.03	0.06 ± 0.03	0.06 ± 0.02	0.06 ± 0.04	0.05 ± 0.03	0.05 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.03	0.06 ± 0.02	0.06 ± 0.03	0.07 ± 0.03	0.05 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.02
Double support CV [% Gait Cycle Time]	HC	0.05 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.03	0.06 ± 0.03	0.07 ± 0.03	0.06 ± 0.03	0.05 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.02	0.06 ± 0.02	0.06 ± 0.03	0.07 ± 0.03	0.05 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.01
Step duration mean [seconds]	PwCA	0.61 ± 0.06	0.62 ± 0.06	0.64 ± 0.05	0.64 ± 0.06	0.62 ± 0.06	0.62 ± 0.05	0.63 ± 0.06	0.64 ± 0.07	0.62 ± 0.07	0.62 ± 0.07	0.62 ± 0.07	0.62 ± 0.07	0.61 ± 0.07	0.61 ± 0.06	0.61 ± 0.06	0.61 ± 0.06	0.60 ± 0.04	0.60 ± 0.04	0.60 ±0.04	0.60 ± 0.04
Step duration mean [seconds]	HC	0.58 ± 0.05	0.58 ± 0.05	0.58 ± 0.06	0.58 ± 0.05	0.60 ± 0.07	0.61 ± 0.10	0.61 ± 0.09	0.58 ± 0.05	0.58 ± 0.06	0.58 ± 0.06	0.58 ± 0.06	0.58 ± 0.06	0.58 ± 0.07	0.58 ± 0.07	0.58 ± 0.06	0.58 ± 0.06	0.56 ± 0.06	0.57 ± 0.06	0.58 ± 0.06	0.58 ± 0.06
Step duration CV [seconds]	PwCA	0.04 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.03	0.03 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.02
Step duration CV [seconds]	HC	0.03 ± 0.02	0.02 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.03	0.02 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.03	0.04 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.03	0.03 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.01

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