Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants according to sleep duration categories.
Variables | < 6 h | 6–7 h | 7–8 h (ref.) | 8–9 h | > 9 h | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of individuals | 474 | 612 | 1255 | 269 | 184 | |
Age, mean (SD), years | 67.9 (5.5) | 67.6 (5.6) | 67.6 (5.9) | 68.9 (5.9) | 69.2 (6.0) | < 0.001 |
Gender (%) | 0.012 | |||||
Male | 190 (40.1) | 293 (47.9) | 608 (48.4) | 135 (50.2) | 95 (51.6) | |
Female | 284 (59.9) | 319 (52.1) | 647 (51.6) | 134 (49.8) | 89 (48.4) | |
Smoking status (%) | 0.217 | |||||
Never smokers | 348 (73.4) | 426 (69.6) | 853 (68.0) | 193 (71.7) | 120 (65.2) | |
Current smokers | 80 (16.9) | 112 (18.3) | 269 (21.4) | 45 (16.7) | 43 (23.4) | |
Past smoker | 46 (9.7) | 74 (12.1) | 133 (10.6) | 31 (11.5) | 21 (11.4) | |
Alcohol consumption (%) | 102 (21.5) | 146 (23.9) | 318 (25.3) | 59 (21.9) | 54 (29.3) | 0.187 |
BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 25.93 (3.6) | 25.94 (3.3) | 25.79 (3.3) | 26.11 (3.3) | 26.11 (3.4) | 0.541 |
High fat intake (%) | 165(34.8) | 238(38.9) | 474(37.8) | 111(41.3) | 91(49.5) | 0.011 |
High salt intake (%) | 136(28.7) | 196(32.0) | 370(29.5) | 94(34.9) | 76(41.3) | 0.008 |
Durations of hypertension, mean (SD), years | 14.39 (8.5) | 14.66 (9.2) | 13.83 (8.8) | 13.75 (8.2) | 14.76 (10.2) | 0.296 |
Durations of diabetes, mean (SD), years | 10.81 (7.1) | 10.29 (7.5) | 10.24 (7.4) | 10.41 (7.3) | 11.85 (9.4) | 0.094 |
Physical activity levels (%) | 0.232 | |||||
Low | 407 (85.9) | 513 (83.8) | 1029 (82.2) | 225 (83.6) | 160 (87.4) | |
Moderate | 67 (14.1) | 99 (16.2) | 223 (17.8) | 44 (16.4) | 24 (12.6) | |
Take medicine regularly (%) | 394 (83.1) | 505 (82.5) | 1026 (81.8) | 214 (79.5) | 156 (84.9) | 0.623 |
Daytime napping (%) | 264 (55.7) | 292 (47.7) | 571 (45.5) | 136 (50.5) | 77 (41.8) | 0.006 |
HbA1c, mean (SD), mmol/L | 7.8 (1.6) | 7.7 (1.6) | 7.8 (1.6) | 7.7 (1.5) | 7.9 (1.9) | 0.701 |
SBP, mean (SD), mmHg | 142.3 (18.2) | 142.8 (18.3) | 142.4 (18.6) | 144.6 (20.0) | 145.0 (20.2) | 0.232 |
DBP, mean (SD), mmHg | 79.0 (9.6) | 79.4 (8.5) | 79.2 (9.3) | 79.4 (9.3) | 79.5 (9.5) | 0.945 |
Blood pressure control (%) | 93 (19.6) | 114 (18.6) | 249 (19.8) | 44 (16.4) | 29 (15.8) | 0.521 |
Glycemic control (%) | 173 (36.5) | 219 (35.8) | 424 (33.8) | 91 (33.8) | 65 (35.3) | 0.815 |
