Fig. 5

Mutational analysis was done with 910 samples uploaded to GISAID and aligned. (a) 10 most mutated samples were from Delta variant lineage AY.127. The X-axis denotes the samples names while y-axis represents the number of mutations. The all 10 samples show the AY.127 pango lineage (b) Overall mutations per samples are represented, the x-axis shows the no. of mutations while y-axis represents the number of samples, indicating the distributions of mutations per sample. (c) Most frequent event observed was SNP: a change of one or more nucleotides, determining a change in amino acid sequence. SNP_silent: a change of one or more nucleotides with no effect in a protein sequence. Extragenic: a mutation affecting intergenic or UTR regions. Deletion: the deletion of three (or multiples of three) nucleotides, causing the removal of one or more amino acids to the protein sequence. Deletion_frameshift: the deletion of nucleotides not as multiples of three, causing a frameshift mutation. (d) The most frequent events per type. Individual mutation types are represented as nucleotide events. Cytosine to thymidine transitions (C > T) were the most abundant. (e) The most common events, either in nucleotide or aminoacidic coordinates. Four major mutations were observed; these mutations are A23403G (associated with D614G the mutation in the spike protein), C3037T, C14408T, and C241T. (f) The frequent mutations in proteins were abundantly present in spike protein S: D614G.