Table 2 Examples of annotations.

From: A patient-centered approach to developing and validating a natural language processing model for extracting patient-reported symptoms

Text

CCA

PCA

Entity

Tag/attributes

Entity

Tag/attributes

No symptoms: rash. I’ve been taking it for a month since the last time. I feel slightly nauseous, or queasy. I told the doctor, but I continued to take it

Rash

d/negative

Rash

d/negative

Nauseous

d/positive

Nauseous

d/positive

Queasy

d/positive

November 2, home visit from 6:00 to 6:15 PM. The Norspan tape was given to the nurse. The back pain persists, the body is gradually weakening, and although Ensure is consumed, there are times when meals cannot be eaten. The patient is mostly bedridden, and when they get up, they seem to require assistance from their spouse

Back pain

d/positive

Back pain

d/positive

Weakening

d/positive

Body is gradually weakening

d/positive

Cannot be eaten

d/positive

Mostly bedridden

d/positive

Drive. No change in condition, bowel movements are good, and can eat meals. No gastrointestinal symptoms

No change in condition,

d/negative