Table 2 Finite element model material property parameters.

From: Assessing the biomechanics of scheuermann’s kyphosis affected thoracolumbar spine in forward flexion at the tissue-level using a finite element model

Materials

Elastic modulus

(MPa)

Poisson’s ratio

cross-sectional area(mm2)

Vertebral cortical bone

12000.0

0.30

-

Vertebral cancellous bone

100.0

0.20

-

Posterior spinal structures

3500.0

0.25

-

Upper and lower end plates

24.0

0.40

-

Nucleus pulposus

1.0

0.49

-

Cartilage

24.0

0.40

-

Matrix of fibrous rings

4.2

0.45

 

ALL

7.8(ε < 12%) 20 (ε > 12%)

-

63.7

PLL

1.0(ε < 11%) 20 (ε > 11%)

-

20.0

ligamentum flavum

1.5(ε < 6.2%) 1.9 (ε > 6.2%)

-

40.0

Capsular ligament

7.5(ε < 25%) 33 (ε > 25%)

-

30.0

Intertransverse ligament

10(ε < 18%) 59 (ε > 18%)

-

1.8

Interspinous ligament

1.0(ε < 14%) 1.2 (ε > 14%)

 

40.0

Supraspinal ligament

3.0(ε < 20%) 5.0 (ε > 20%)

 

30.0

  1. ALL, anterior longitudinal ligament; PLL, posterior longitudinal ligament.
  2. Posterior spinal structures comprise supraspinous/intraspinous ligaments, ligamentum flavum, facet joint capsules, and posterior vertebral arch elements.
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