Table 1 Patient characteristics stratified by phase angle.

From: Low phase angle indicates poor muscle strength and physical performance in patients with knee osteoarthritis awaiting total knee arthroplasty

 

Bilateral symptomatic knee OA (n = 112)

Unilateral symptomatic knee OA (n = 114)

Low PhA

(n = 37)

High PhA

(n = 75)

P

Low PhA

(n = 25)

High PhA

(n = 89)

P

Age, yr

75.3 ± 6.5

71.6 ± 6.0

0.004**

76.6 ± 7.5

71.1 ± 6.2

< 0.001***

Gender (M: F)

4 : 33

9 : 66

1

3 : 22

19 : 70

0.404

BMI, kg/m2

26.2 ± 3.0

27.2 ± 3.0

0.109

26.6 ± 4.8

27.9 ± 5.8

0.285

SMI, kg/m2

6.1 ± 0.7

6.7 ± 0.8

< 0.001***

6.4 ± 1.0

6.7 ± 1.0

0.123

Maximum handgrip

strength, kg

19.1 ± 4.7

24.5 ± 6.3

< 0.001***

21.2 ± 5.1

25.1 ± 7.1

0.014*

Whole body

PhA, º

4.0 ± 0.3

4.9 ± 0.4

< 0.001***

4.2 ± 0.3

5.1 ± 0.6

< 0.001***

Numeric pain score

5.4 ± 2.0

5.3 ± 1.5

0.847

5.1 ± 1.4

5.1 ± 1.6

0.916

Charlson’s comorbidity

index

2.0 ± 1.0

1.8 ± 1.0

0.305

2.0 ± 1.2

1.8 ± 1.0

0.392

IPAQ

0.764

  

0.276

 1

22 (59.5%)

49 (65.3%)

 

22 (88.0%)

65 (73.0%)

 

 2

14 (37.8%)

25 (33.3%)

 

3 (12.0%)

22 (24.7%)

 

 3

1 (2.7%)

1 (1.3%)

 

0 (0.0%)

2 (2.2%)

 

KL grade, Right / Symptomatic

0.283

  

0.057

 1

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 

 2

1 (2.7%)

1 (1.3%)

 

2 (8.0%)

5 (5.6%)

 

 3

8 (21.6%)

27 (36.0%)

 

7 (28.0%)

49 (55.1%)

 

 4

28 (75.7%)

47 (62.7%)

 

16 (64.0%)

36 (39.3%)

 

KL grade, Left / Asymptomatic

0.382

  

0.006**

 1

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 

4 (16.0%)

23 (25.8%)

 

 2

2 (5.4%)

7 (9.3%)

 

9 (36.0%)

52 (58.4%)

 

 3

16 (43.2%)

23 (30.7%)

 

10 (40.0%)

13 (14.6%)

 

 4

19 (51.4%)

45 (60.0%)

 

2 (8.0%)

1 (1.1%)

 

Hip-knee-ankle angle, º

 Right / Symptomatic

173.1 ± 6.8

173.4 ± 4.5

0.835

174.4 ± 6.0

174.3 ± 5.5

0.932

 Left / Asymptomatic

173.3 ± 6.3

173.2 ± 4.8

0.968

175.9 ± 4.3

177.2 ± 3.7

0.171

Lateral distal femoral angle, º

 Right / Symptomatic

89.1 ± 4.0

88.9 ± 2.5

0.824

88.7 ± 3.7

88.8 ± 2.8

0.886

 Left / Asymptomatic

88.4 ± 4.2

88.5 ± 2.5

0.929

88.3 ± 3.6

88.0 ± 2.5

0.667

Medial proximal tibial angle, º

 Right / Symptomatic

86.3 ± 3.0

86.9 ± 3.7

0.490

87.4 ± 3.6

85.9 ± 9.3

0.251

 Left / Asymptomatic

86.6 ± 3.2

86.9 ± 2.9

0.723

86.7 ± 3.0

87.2 ± 2.9

0.504

Joint line convergence angle, º

 Right / Symptomatic

5.0 ± 3.4

5.4 ± 2.9

0.569

4.6 ± 2.7

4.0 ± 3.1

0.347

 Left / Asymptomatic

5.4 ± 3.5

5.6 ± 2.8

0.760

4.2 ± 2.3

2.8 ± 2.3

0.012*

Knee extension, º

 Right / Symptomatic

0.7 ± 1.7

0.7 ± 1.8

0.991

0.7 ± 1.7

0.6 ± 1.7

0.891

 Left / Asymptomatic

0.7 ± 1.7

0.8 ± 1.9

0.705

0.6 ± 1.7

0.6 ± 1.7

0.962

Knee flexion, º

 Right / Symptomatic

126.1 ± 2.9

125.5 ± 2.1

0.281

125.4 ± 2.5

125.4 ± 2.6

0.932

 Left / Asymptomatic

125.9 ± 2.8

125.9 ± 2.4

0.877

126.4 ± 2.7

127.2 ± 2.8

0.184

  1. Note: Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%). “Right / Symptomatic " refers to the Right knee for bilateral symptomatic knee OA and the symptomatic knee for unilateral symptomatic knee OA, while “Left / Asymptomatic " refers to the Left knee for bilateral symptomatic knee OA and the asymptomatic knee for unilateral symptomatic knee OA. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001.
  2. BMI, body mass index; IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire; KL, Kellgren Lawrence; OA, osteoarthritis; PhA, phase angle; SMI, skeletal muscle index.
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