Table 3 Comparing catalytic activity of Pd-BPA/Fe3O4 with previously reported methods in the synthesis of sulfides.

From: Palladium nanoparticles stabilized on the BPA-functionalized Fe3O4 as the recoverable catalysts for synthesis of aromatic sulfide by C–S coupling reactions

Entry

Ar-X

Catalyst

Product

Time (min)

Yield (%)

Ref

1

Pd2(dba)3/Xantphos

15 (h)

85

41

2

Cu2O

20 (h)

96

42

3

Cu–Fe hydrotalcite

8 (h)

90

43

4

Pd-BPA/Fe3O4 (0.02 g)

40 (min)

98

This work

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