Fig. 9
From: Autonomous defect estimation in aluminum plate and prognosis through stochastic process modeling
The standard deviation of the damage index is computed over varying amounts of observed data to assess signal stability and damage sensitivity in the PZT sample. Subfigures (a–d) display standard deviation curves calculated using increasing data lengths: (a) 100 observations, (b) 200 observations, (c) 300 observations, and (d) the complete dataset of 400 observations. Each plot illustrates the evolution of standard deviation over time, allowing for a comparison of forecasting uncertainty under different levels of data availability. As additional data are incorporated, the standard deviation increases, reflecting the cumulative uncertainty associated with the progression of the damage index.
