Table 4 Comparison of proposed method with conventional islanding detection Techniques.
Method | NDZ | Detection Time (cycles) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
Rate of Change of Frequency | ± 15–20% | 5–8 cycles | High NDZ due to insensitivity at low mismatch; may miss subtle islanding events. |
Over/Under Voltage Protection | ± 20–25% | 5–6 cycles | Simple but suffers from large NDZ; often reacts late or misses cases. |
Superimposed Component of Voltage | ± 5–8% | 1–2 cycles | Improved sensitivity and speed but prone to moderate false tripping. |
Wavelet Transform | ± 4–6% | 1–2 cycles | Good time-frequency resolution; requires higher computational resources. |
Proposed Method | ± 5–6% | 2.5–6 cycles | Moderate NDZ, fast response, and high robustness without requiring training data. |
