Table 3 Daily dietary intake of energy and macronutrients at baseline and after bariatric surgery.

From: Changes in dietary nutrient intakes at 6 and 12 months following bariatric surgery in a Chinese observational cohort

Variables

Referencea

Pre-operation

Post-operation (n = 133)

Mean change (6 vs 12 months )

P-value

6 months

12 months

Total energy (kcal)

–

2010.1 ± 344.2

993.8 ± 325.6*

1101.0 ± 290.5*

116.2 ± 433.1

0.02#

Carbohydrate (g)

–

347.4 ± 81.4

106.8 ± 51.9*

125.7 ± 46.2*

18.9 ± 68.9

0.02#

Carbohydrate (en% )

40—60

68.6 ± 6.4

41.8 ± 11.7*

44.8 ± 8.0*

3.0 ± 13.6

0.01#

Fat (g)

–

43.0 ± 8.6

37.2 ± 11.4*

40.4 ± 9.6

3.3 ± 14.5

0.01#

Fat (en% )

20—30

19.8 ± 5.2

34.7 ± 7.7*

33.1 ± 5.2*

-1.6 ± 8.9

0.04#

Protein (g)

60–80 b

58.3 ± 14.0

53.5 ± 22.1*

56.4 ± 19.9

2.8 ± 27.7

0.20

Protein (en% )

20—30

11.6 ± 2.0

21.5 ± 5.1*

20.1 ± 4.2*

-1.4 ± 6.3

0.01#

Usage of protein powder (%)

–

–

89 (66.9)

64 (48.1)

–

0.002#

Protein powder (g)

–

–

15.4 ± 13.6

10.7 ± 14.3

-4.7 ± 19.8

0.007#

Protein powder energy (kcal)

–

–

70.8 ± 62.4

48.0 ± 64.1

-22.7 ± 89.9

0.004#

  1. Abbreviation: en%, energy percentage.
  2. aRefer to the recommended amount of energy-limited and high-protein diet.
  3. bThe reference has considered based on bariatric surgery guidelines protein recommendation.
  4. * Comparison of the dietary intake at 6 months or 12 months post-surgery with baseline (P < 0.05).
  5. #Comparison of the dietary intake between 6 and 12 months post-surgery (P < 0.05).
  6. Mean change: negative values indicate a decrease in intake.
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