Fig. 6

Verification of the model’s effectiveness. Group (a) is YOLO11-GRPA, and group (b) is YOLO11. The actual targets from left to right are Lack, Normal, Break, and Rotation.

Verification of the model’s effectiveness. Group (a) is YOLO11-GRPA, and group (b) is YOLO11. The actual targets from left to right are Lack, Normal, Break, and Rotation.