Table 1 Comparison of the previous published models.

Cited papers	Game sequence	Behavioral strategies	Decision environment	Fairness concern	Social welfare
Liu et al.⁷	Simultaneous action	Carbon reduction	Dynamic	No	No
Chen et al.⁹	Manufacturer-led	Green R&D	Static	No	No
Hafezi et al.¹²	Multi-structures	Green R&D	Static	No	No
Dong et al.¹⁶	Manufacturer-led	Technological R&D	Static	No	No
Lee and Park¹⁷	Upstream-led	Carbon reduction	Static	No	No
Zheng et al.¹⁸	Manufacturer-led	Green R&D	Static	Yes	No
Diao et al.²²	Manufacturer-led	Cost-reduction	Dynamic	Yes	No
Zhong and Sun²⁴	Multi-structures	Carbon reduction	Static	Yes	No
Dixit et al.²⁵	Airport-led	Green R&D	Static	Yes	No
Jian et al.²⁶	Manufacturer-led	Profit sharing	Static	Yes	No
Sarkar and Bhala²⁷	Manufacturer-led	Recovery strategy	Static	Yes	No
Pan et al.²⁸	Retailer-led	Quality	Static	Yes	No
Chen and Su³⁰	Multi-structures	Technological R&D	Static	Yes	No
Chen et al.³³	Manufacturer-led	Green quality	Dynamic	No	Yes
Sun et al.³⁵	Simultaneous action	Green R&D	Dynamic	No	No
Wu et al.³⁷	Supplier-led	Green R&D	Static	No	No
Yu et al.³⁸	Multi-structures	Carbon tax	Static	No	No
Wang et al.⁴⁰	Multi-structures	Carbon reduction	Static	Yes	No
Long et al.⁴¹	Multi-structures	Green R&D	Static	No	Yes
Zhang et al.⁴³	Manufacturer-led	Green R&D	Static	No	No
Jiang et al.⁴⁷	Manufacturer-led	Behavior-based pricing	Static	Yes	Yes
Xue-Mei et al.⁴⁸	Manufacturer-led	Advertising cooperation	Static	No	No

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