Table 2 Description of different parameters.
Parameters | Descriptions |
|---|---|
\(\alpha\) | Potential market capacity (units) |
\(\beta\) | Parameter of consumers’ price preference (\(units/\$\)) |
\(\gamma\) | Proportion of consumers’ green preference (units/greenness) |
k | Probability of efficient R&D |
v | Conversion rate in low efficiency |
\(\mu\) | Parameter of manufacturer M’s R&D (\(\$/greenness^2\)) |
\(\lambda\) | Fairness concern parameter of manufacturer M |
M(R) | Manufacturer (retailer) |
W(P) | Wholesale (retail) price of products (\(\$\)) (decision variable) |
G | Greenness of products (greenness) (decision variable) |
F | Fixed capital investment in green R&D (\(\$\)) |
\(\pi _M(\pi _R)\) | Profits of manufacturer M (retailer R) (\(\$\)) (decision variable) |
\(U_M\) | Utility of manufacturer M (\(\$\)) (decision variable) |
SW | Social welfare(\(\$\)) |
