Table 1 Baseline and follow-up characteristics by baseline sleep deficiency.
Characteristics | Total (n = 1946) | No (n = 1394) | Yes (n = 552) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years, mean (SD*) | 12.2 (0.47) | 12.2 (0.48) | 12.2 (0.45) | 0.335 |
Gender, n (%) | 0.999 | |||
Girls | 943 (48.46%) | 675 (71.58%) | 268(28.42%) | |
Boys | 1003(51.54%) | 719 (71.68%) | 284(28.31%) | |
Parents’ marriage status, n (%) | 0.198 | |||
Divorced/widowed/separated | 144 (7.40%) | 96 (66.67%) | 48 (33.33%) | |
Married | 1776(91.26%) | 1280 (72.07%) | 496(27.93%) | |
Parents’ education at college level, n (%) | 0.554 | |||
Both had college degree | 260 (13.36%) | 180 (69.23%) | 80 (30.77%) | |
Only one of them had college degree | 248 (12.74%) | 176 (70.97%) | 72 (29.03%) | |
None of them had college | 1327(68.19%) | 961 (72.42%) | 366( 27.58%) | |
Moderate physical activity (≥ 1 day/wk), n (%) | 0.094 | |||
No | 144 (7.40%) | 94 (65.28%) | 50 (34.72%) | |
Yes | 1801(92.55%) | 1300 (72.18%) | 501 (27.82%) | |
Mild physical activity (≥ 1 day/wk), n (%) | 0.023 | |||
No | 125 (6.42%) | 78 (62.40%) | 47 (37.60%) | |
Yes | 1819(93.47%) | 1315 (72.29%) | 504 (27.71%) | |
Muscle strengthening activity (≥ 1 day/wk), n (%) | 0.037 | |||
No | 753 (38.69%) | 519 (68.92%) | 234 (31.08%) | |
Yes | 1192(61.25%) | 875 (73.41%) | 317 (26.59%) | |
TV screen (≥ 2 h/day), n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 1486 (76.36%) | 1100 (74.02%) | 386 (25.98%) | |
Yes | 460 (23.64%) | 294 (63.91%) | 166 (36.09%) | |
Internet screen (≥ 2 h/day), n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 1556(79.96%) | 1158 (74.42%) | 398 (25.58%) | |
Yes | 388 (19.94%) | 236 (60.82%) | 152 (39.18%) | |
Cigarette use, n (%) | 0.016 | |||
No | 1814(93.22%) | 1312 (72.33%) | 502 (27.67%) | |
Yes | 132 (6.78%) | 82 (62.12%) | 50 (37.88%) | |
Alcohol use, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 1154 (59.30%) | 877 (76.00%) | 277 (24.00%) | |
Yes | 792 (40.70%) | 517 (65.28%) | 275 (34.72%) | |
Loneliness, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Never | 1011(51.95%) | 827 (81.80%) | 184 (18.20%) | |
Occasion | 645 (33.14%) | 438 (67.91%) | 207 (32.09%) | |
Sometime | 197 (10.12%) | 96 (48.73%) | 101 (51.27%) | |
Regularly | 50 (2.57%) | 17 (34.00%) | 33 (66.00%) | |
Always | 43 (2.21%) | 16 (37.21%) | 27 (62.79%) | |
Sadness, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 1661(85.35%) | 1253 (75.44%) | 408 (24.56%) | |
Yes | 285 (14.65%) | 141 (49.47%) | 144 (50.53%) | |
Nervousness, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 1326(68.14%) | 1037 (78.21%) | 289 (21.79%) | |
Yes | 619 (31.81%) | 356 (57.51%) | 263 (42.49%) | |
