Table 2 Univariate and multivariable analyses showing factors associated with an increase in Vmax.

From: Radial artery calcification is a predictor of aortic stenosis development and progression after initiation of hemodialysis

 

Univariate analysis

 

Multivariate analysis**

 

Adj. mean (95% CI)

 

Adj. mean (95% CI)*

 

Parameter

Group

ΔVmax (m/s/y)

P-value

ΔVmax (m/s/y)

P-value

RAC level

None calcification

 − 0.03

(− 0.13–0.06)

0.01

 − 0.04

(− 0.13–0.05)

0.03

Mild calcification

0.02

(− 0.07–0.11)

 

0.02

(− 0.07–0.11)

 

Severe calcification

0.16

(0.07–0.25)

 

0.14

(0.04–0.23)

 

Sex

Male

0.06

(− 0.01–0.13)

0.56

 − 0.01

(− 0.11–0.08)

0.38

Female

0.03

(− 0.06–0.12)

 

 − 0.06

(− 0.17–0.05)

 

Diabetes

With

0.00

(− 0.08–0.08)

0.11

 − 0.07

(− 0.18–0.03)

0.19

Without

0.09

(0.01–0.16)

 

 − 0.00

(− 0.10–0.10)

 

History of smoking

With

0.07

(0.00–0.15)

0.20

   

Without

0.00

(− 0.08–0.09)

    

Warfarin

Use

0.09

(− 0.10–0.28)

0.62

   

No use

0.04

(− 0.01–0.10)

    
 

Univariate analysis

 

Multivariate analysis**

 
 

Adj. mean (95% CI)

 

Adj. mean (95% CI)*

 

Parameter

β

95% CI

P-value

β

95% CI

P-value

Baseline Vmax

0.21

(0.09–0.33)

 < 0.001

0.14

(0.01–0.26)

0.03

Age

0.00

(0.00–0.01)

0.02

0.00

(− 0.00–0.01)

0.19

Hemoglobin

 − 0.02

(− 0.06–0.03)

0.47

   

Albumin

 − 0.03

(− 0.13–0.06)

0.52

   

Calcium

 − 0.00

(− 0.07–0.07)

0.98

   

Phosphorus

0.01

(− 0.03–0.04)

0.76

   

Calcium-phosphorus product

0.00

(− 0.00–0.00)

0.71

   

Intact PTH

0.00

(− 0.00–0.00)

0.70

   

Triglyceride

 − 0.00

(− 0.00–0.00)

0.52

   

LDL-cholesterol

 − 0.00

(− 0.00–0.00)

0.98

   

CRP

 − 0.02

(− 0.09–0.05)

0.60

   

Baseline LVEF

 − 0.00

(− 0.01–0.00)

0.61

   
  1. Univariate analyses were conducted using either one-factorial analysis of variance for categorical variables or simple linear regression for continuous variables. Multivariate analyses were conducted using either analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for categorical variables or multiple linear regression for continuous variables. RAC level, sex, presence of diabetes mellitus, baseline Vmax, and age were selected as covariates.
  2. *The p-value was reported from ANCOVA to compare adjusted means between groups.
  3. **In the ANCOVA model, adjusted means and related 95% confidence intervals were reported. In multiple regression, the standardized coefficients of the multiple regression equation (β) and related 95% confidence intervals were reported.
  4. ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; RAC, radial artery calcification; PTH, parathyroid hormone; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.
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