Fig. 4

Differential expression validation and ROC curve analysis. (A) Group comparison of HMRDEGs in OSA samples and Control samples of dataset GSE135917. (B–G) Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves for six four-gene panels. Each panel displays the true-positive rate (TPR) against the false-positive rate (FPR), with the area under the curve (AUC) reported for every gene: (A) ANXA5, ATP6V1A, CAV1, CDKN2A; (C) CLINT1, CLU, DSP, DUSP1; (D) FLT3, GABARAP, GRN, MAP1LC3B; (E) MAPK9, MCL1, NLRP3, NR4A1; (F) PLOD2, PPARGC1A, RBBP4, SLC2A3; (G) SQSTM1, TXN, UCHL1, USP33. An AUC > 0.90 indicates high diagnostic accuracy; 0.70 ≤ AUC ≤ 0.90 indicates moderate accuracy. In the group comparison plot, yellow represents the Control group, and purple represents the OSA group. ns represents p value ≥ 0.05, no statistical significance; *p value < 0.05, statistically significant; **p value < 0.01, highly statistically significant; ***p value < 0.001 and extremely statistically significant. OSA Obstructive Sleep Apnea, HMRDEGs Hypoxia and Mitophagy-Related Differentially Expressed Genes, ROC Receiver Operating Characteristic, AUC Area Under the Curve, TPR True Positive Rate, FPR False Positive Rate.