Table 17 Failure mode analysis.

From: Advanced algorithms for UAV tracking of targets exhibiting start-stop and irregular motion

Algorithm

Primary failure modes

Mitigation strategy

Success rate

Standard KF

Motion discontinuities

Innovation-based switching

89.3%

Deep Learning

Limited training data

Data augmentation + transfer learning

92.1%

Hybrid SMART-TRACK

Sensor calibration errors

Robust parameter estimation

94.7%