Table 1 Morphological descriptions of sagittally unstable intertrochanteric fractures in literature.

Chun et al. (2011)

• Oblique fracture surface of distal fragments faces anterosuperiorly in lateral view

• Long medial beak or a part of the intact lessor trochanter on proximal fragment

• Traction: proximal fragment is flexed and shaft fragment falls posteriorly

Sharma et al. (2014)

• Long medial beak on the proximal fragment in AP view

• Medial spike of proximal fragment remained outside the shaft in CT view

• Greater flexion when a more end on appearance of proximal fragment

• Underlying lesser trochanter probably affecting a passive flexion of proximal fragment

• Traction: the anterior displacement of the head and neck fragment persisted

Zhang et al. (2017)

• Proximal anterior and medial long oblique fracture

• A V-shape cortical defect in the distal fragment on the externally rotation X-ray

Hao et al. (2023)

• Evident flexion and anterior displacement of the proximal fragment

• Femoral shaft showed posterior sagging

Li et al. (2024)

• Fragment comprising the head and neck was situated anteriorly relative to the shaft

• Proximal anterior and medial long oblique fracture

• Medial portion of the proximal fragment encompassed a segment of lesser trochanter