Fig. 5
From: Friction of granular systems: the role of solid–liquid interaction

Empirical relation between \(\:{\phi\:}_{\mu\:}\) and (a) the surface roughness, \(\:{R}_{q}\), (b) the solid surface energy, \(\:{\gamma\:}_{SV}\).
From: Friction of granular systems: the role of solid–liquid interaction

Empirical relation between \(\:{\phi\:}_{\mu\:}\) and (a) the surface roughness, \(\:{R}_{q}\), (b) the solid surface energy, \(\:{\gamma\:}_{SV}\).