Table 1 Effect of organic and mineral coating agents on Urea hydrolysis and nitrification under different levels of temperature.

From: Effects of coating agents on nitrogen dynamics and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under irrigated and rainfed conditions

Temperature levels

Treatment

Ammonium concentration (mg kg− 1)

Nitrates concentration (mg kg− 1)

10 days

20 days

30 days

10 days

20 days

30 days

Temperature 25 °C

Control (N0)

1.7 h

0.7 h

0.4 h

1 u

0.6 u

0.5 u

Uncoated urea

1263 b

293 f

185 g

971 c

745 f

315 r

NOCU (1.0%) D

448 e

1271 a

832 c

271 t

590 l

679 i

PAPCU (1.5%) D

445 e

1260 b

826 d

279 t

461 o

663 j

Temperature 35 °C

Control (N0)

1.7 h

0.7 h

0.4 h

1 u

0.6 u

0.5 u

Uncoated urea

1365 b

316 f

219 g

1007 b

789 e

326 pq

NOCU (1.0%) D

527 e

1363 a

919 c

317 qr

619 k

693

PAPCU (1.5%) D

482 e

1293 b

916 d

291 s

487 n

681 i

Temperature 40 °C

Control (N0)

1.7 h

0.7 h

0.4 h

1 u

0.6 u

0.5 u

Uncoated urea

1385 b

337 f

239 g

1121 a

804 d

331 p

NOCU (1.0%) D

531 e

1485 a

956 c

329 p

525 m

706 g

PAPCU (1.5%) D

473 e

1311 b

925 d

295 s

491 n

688 hi

  1. The means with different letters in each category are statistically different at α = 0.05. N0, UNC, NOCU and PAPCU represent control, uncoated urea, neem oil coated urea (1%), and potassium ammonium phosphate (1.5%) coated urea and field capacity.
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