Fig. 4

Interannual and seasonal mean FVC distribution maps for Heilongjiang Province. Map generated using ArcGIS version10.8 (https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/products/arcgis-desktop). The study area boundary was derived from the China administrative boundary dataset. (Source: iGISMap, https://www.igismap.com/download-china-administrative-boundary-gis-data-for-national-province-and-more/). The mean FVC was calculated using the MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 250 m (MOD13Q1 Version 6.1) dataset from NASA LPDAAC (https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mod13q1v061/) in R 4.4.0 (https://cran.r-project.org/src/base/R-4/).