Table 1 The statistical data related to imaging feature across the four distinct categories.

oriSlice023938

36 [26.30]

327 [33.30]

322 [30.20]

325 [30.30]

3.32 ^a

0.025*

oriFlatness005507

0.27 ± 0.03

0.27 ± 0.03

0.26 ± 0.03

0.26 ± 0.02

11.8

0.0007***

oriLength001928

185 ± 12.20

185 ± 13.70

188 ± 12.70

193 ± 14.70

7.91

0.005**

expEntropy015865

1 [1.44]

1 [1.58]

− 3.2e−16 [1]

− 3.2e−16 [1]

3.73^b

0.016*

logMean008652

− 22.3 [7.99]

− 25.1 [13.70]

− 28 [15.80]

− 24.1 [12.80]

6.04^a

0.001***

logImc1004067

− 0.35 [0.04]

− 0.34 [0.05]

− 0.33 [0.05]

− 0.32 [0.03]

9.3^a

3.3e−05***

logMCC003552

0.85 [0.07]

0.85 [0.07]

0.84 [0.06]

0.83 [0.03]

4.45^b

0.007**

logEmphasis026479

1.66e+09 [4.06e+09]

1.59e+09 [2.74e+09]

7.48e+08 [1.13e+09]

9.32e+08 [7.37e+08]

8.11^b

0.000***

logSkewness047910

12.3 [2.78]

8.11 [4.62]

3.63 [2.57]

2.38 [0.98]

142^b

5.19e−29***

logCorrelatio027572

0.54 [0.06]

0.59 [0.11]

0.73 [0.11]

0.76 [0.09]

83.6^a

2.08e−22***

logIdmn073959

0.99 [0.001]

0.99 [0.01]

0.99 [0.01]

0.98 [0.01]

165^b

9.23e−35***

oriPercentile002120

− 81 [10.50]

− 74 [23.00]

− 32 [56.00]

− 2.5 [30.50]

129^b

2.95e−29***

oriCorrelatio028941

0.54 [0.06]

0.62 [0.13]

0.75 [0.09]

0.81 [0.06]

115^b

3.35e−26***

oriMCC149813

0.59 [0.07]

0.68 [0.11]

0.78 [0.08]

0.83 [0.05]

112^b

4.72e−26***

squDeviation002093

0.75 [0.59]

0.98 [0.37]

1.24 [0.59]

1.27 [0.49]

9.11^b

4.34e−05***

squIdm007157

1 [0.00]

1 [1.51e−06]

1 [0.00]

1 [0.00]

5.01^b

0.003**

squNormalizd032501

0.5 [0.65]

0.5 [0.68]

0.695 [0.67]

1 [0.50]

5.06^a

0.003**

squSkewness019985

4.42 [1.80]

4.3 [1.40]

2.84 [1.70]

2.01 [0.83]

45.5^a

8.97e−16***

wavCorrelati000177

0.47 [0.03]

0.46 [0.04]

0.45 [0.04]

0.43 [0.03]

10.8^a

7.05e−06***

wavyNormald035628

0.04 [0.006]

0.04 [0.005]

0.03 [0.004]

0.03 [0.003]

5.62^b

0.002**

waveContrast030003

0.03 [0.03]

0.04 [0.04]

0.05 [0.04]

0.04 [0.03]

8.63^b

6.55e−05***

waveSkewne017662

− 5.92 [5.17]

− 5.19 [4.57]

− 4.8 [4.06]

− 4.43 [2.51]

5.68^b

0.001***

waveCorrelat010819

0.14 [0.05]

0.14 [0.07]

0.17 [0.07]

0.17 [0.04]

1.46^a

0.235

wavekewness030251

− 0.05 [0.25]

− 0.11 [0.37]

− 0.19 [0.55]

− 0.28 [0.75]

3.13^a

0.031*

wavBusyness010195

9356 [11006]

7405 [10686]

6268 [7554]

4145 [6068]

4.13^b

0.009**

wavntropy000570

4.63 ± 0.14

4.73 ± 0.17

4.95 ± 0.17

5.08 ± 0.20

190.0

1.99e−34***

wavformity010646

7117 [1761]

7187 [1763]

8003 [1867]

9206 [1784]

10.20^a

1.31e−05***

wavtropy012349

6.53 ± 0.25

6.67 ± 0.20

6.78 ± 0.22

6.86 ± 0.18

48.80

1.6e−11***