Table 3 Comparison of various models on rectal tumor segmentation on the external test (Num = 666, 9 centers).

From: Improving rectal tumor segmentation with anomaly fusion derived from anatomical inpainting: a multicenter study

Network

UNet

ResUNet

UNetR

SwinUNetR

Atten-UNet

MedFormer

nnFormer

U-Mamba

nnUNet

aDSC

(%)

55.5

(53.7, 57.2)

55.8

(54.0, 0.57.7)

42.2

(40.4, 44.1)

41.3

(39.4, 43.3)

55.0

(53.0, 57.0)

57.9

(56.0, 59.8)

44.8

(42.4, 47.3)

57.6

(55.4, 60.0)

62.8

(60.7, 64.8)

mDSC

(%)

63.2

(61.8, 64.7)

64.8

(63.3, 66.3)

47.8

(44.8, 50.7)

46.2

(42.3, 50.1)

65.2

(63.1, 67.2)

67.0

(65.3, 68.7)

56.7

(51.6, 61.8)

70.9

(69.2, 72.6)

73.2

(71.8, 74.7)

aHD

(mm)

26.04

(22.85, 29.23)

24.31

(21.46, 27.16)

43.8

(39.5, 48.2)

37.65

(34.23, 41.07)

24.73

(21.51, 27.95)

22.74

(19.77, 25.70)

26.90

(23.39, 30.42)

21.52

(17.60, 25.45)

17.28

(14.63,19.94)

mHD (mm)

10.40

(9.32,11.49)

9.39

(8.39, 10.40)

22.0

(18.4, 25.7)

20.66

(18.04, 23.27)

8.69

(7.48, 9.91)

8.15

(6.93, 9.32)

16.13

(13.41, 18.84)

7.45

(6.54, 8.36)

6.36

(5.49, 7.22)

  1. Significant values are in [bold].
  2. All nine models were trained on Training Cohort 1 using 5-fold cross-validation.
  3. aDSC: average Dice Coefficient Similarity. mDSC: median Dice Coefficient Similarity. aHD: average of 95% Hausdorff Distance. mHD: median of 95% Hausdorff Distance. The 95% confidential intervals are presented.
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