Table 1 Means and standard deviations of particular variables in the male athletes’ groups (n = 54): volleyball (V), throwing athletes (TA), climbing (CL), and snowboard (SN), as well as the significance of differences between the means (results of ANOVA analysis).

From: Determinants of forearm bone mineral density in male athletes with different osteogenic index of training

Variables

V (n = 18)

1

TA (n = 9)

2

CL (n = 13)

3

SN (n = 14)

4

Significant

difference

F (p)

η2

Mean ± SD

Age (years)

22.0 ± 1.4

21.2 ± 1.7

22.2 ± 2.3

23.5 ± 2.8

1v2,4

3.17 (0.032)*

0.12

Training experience (years)

10.9 ± 1.9

9.1 ± 1.7

8.0 ± 1.2

9.9 ± 2.2

–

1.81 (0.157)

–

Body height (cm)

184.1 ± 6.5

180.3 ± 8.8

175.9 ± 6.2

177.9 ± 5.8

1v3,4

7.26 (0.000)***

0.22

Body mass (kg)

79.7 ± 4.0

92.3 ± 10.1

73.3 ± 6.5

77.9 ± 4.2

1v2,4

2v3

6.93 (0.001)***

0.57

PBF (%)

18.7 ± 1.4

23.2 ± 6.4

17.3 ± 1.9

18.8 ± 1.7

1v2

2v4

2v1,3,4

61.54 (0.000)***

0.31

FM (kg)

14.9 ± 1.4

22.0 ± 8.2

12.8 ± 2.2

14.6 ± 1.7

2v1,3,4

63.59 (0.000)***

0.44

FFM (kg)

64.7 ± 3.5

70.3 ± 3.3

60.6 ± 4.8

63.3 ± 3.2

1v2,4

4v1,2,3

2v1,3,4

3.69 (0.018)*

0.56

HGS (N)

664.9 ± 53.8

1297.1 ± 132.3

965.9 ± 104.8

676.2 ± 79.7

1v2,4

4v2,3

2v1,3,4

4v1,2,3

2.89 (0.045)*

0.88

BMD dis. (g/cm2)

0.495 ± 0.099

0.575 ± 0.060

0.738 ± 0.039

0.404 ± 0.060

–

2.19 (0.101)

–

BMC dis. (g)

1.673 ± 0.141

2.290 ± 0.151

2.294 ± 0.632

1.473 ± 0.088

1v2,3

2v1,4

3v1,4

14.86 (0.000)***

0.56

T-score dis

− 0.139 ± 0.854

1.108 ± 0.629

1.394 ± 1.478

− 0.506 ± 0.928

–

0.98 (0.411)

–

Z-score dis

− 0.148 ± 0.881

1.147 ± 0.624

1.406 ± 1.516

− 0.543 ± 0,962

–

1.12 (0.516)

–

BMD prox. (g/cm2)

0.696 ± 0.148

0.922 ± 0.034

1.00 ± 0.064

0.558 ± 0.087

1v2,3,4

2v1,4

3v1,4

4v1,2,3

13.21(0.000)***

0.75

BMC prox. (g)

1.756 ± 0.126

2.954 ± 0.175

2.856 ± 0.624

1.501 ± 0.092

1v2,3,4

4v1,2,3

2v1,4

3v1,4

29.13 (0.000)***

0.79

T-score prox

− 0.917 ± 0.584

0.580 ± 1.090

− 0.007 ± 0.884

− 1.136 ± 0.452

1v2,3

2v3,4

3v1,4

13.59 (0.000)***

0.75

Z-score prox

− 0.912 ± 0.582

0.558 ± 1.088

− 0.012 ± 0.876

− 1.129 ± 0.451

1v2,4

2v1,3

3v2,4

13.39 (0.000)***

0.71

Number of fractures

0.7 ± 1.0

0.3 ± 0.5

0.3 ± 0.8

1.4 ± 1.0

1,2,3v4

4.40 (0.008)**

0.54

  1. PBF- body fat in %; FM- fat mass; FFM- fat-free mass; HGS- hand grip strength; BMD- bone mineral density; BMC- bone mineral content; dis.- distal, prox.- proximal; η2—eta squared; d—significant differences between groups; p value—level of statistical significance: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
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