Table 3 Relationships between bone parameters and somatic, body compositions, strength, training experience, and type of sports competition in all athletes (n = 54), (results of ANCOVA analyses).

From: Determinants of forearm bone mineral density in male athletes with different osteogenic index of training

 

BMD

dis. (g/cm2)

BMD

prox. (g/cm2)

BMC

dis. (g)

BMC

prox. (g)

T-score

dis

T-score

prox

Z-score

dis

Z-score

prox

F (p)

η2

F (p)

η2

F (p)

η2

F (p)

η2

F (p)

η2

F (p)

η2

F (p)

η2

F (p)

η2

Body height (cm)

7.120 (0.011)**

0.137

1.938 (0.171)

0.041

1.111 (0.298)

0.024

3.254 (0.078)

0.067

0.380 (0.541)

0.008

0.070 (0.793)

0.002

0.371 (0.532)

0.008

0.068 (0.799)

0.002

FM (kg)

1.114 (0.297)

0.024

0.621 (0.435)

0.014

0.092 (0.763)

0.002

2.142 (0.150)

0.045

1.161 (0.287)

0.025

1.610 (0.211)

0.035

1.156 (0.266)

0.021

1.602 (0.219)

0.037

FFM (kg)

1.928 (0.172)

0.041

0.514 (0.477)

0.011

1.433 (0.238)

0.031

1.420 (0.240)

0.031

0.008 (0.929)

0.003

0.032 (0.860)

0.001

0.007 (0.927)

0.003

0.036 (0.871)

0.001

HGS (N)

0.928 (0.341)

0.020

0.570 (0.454)

0.013

7.167 (0.010)**

0.137

11.613 (0.001)***

0.205

7.135 (0.010)**

0.137

18.262 (0.000)***

0.289

7.122 (0.011)**

0.133

18.260 (0.000)***

0.287

Training experience (years)

0.369 (0.547)

0.008

0.090 (0.765)

0.002

0.728 (0.398)

0.016

0.890 (0.350)

0.019

0.105 (0.748)

0.002

0.004 (0.953)

0.003

0.101 (0.755)

0.002

0.004 (0.953)

0.003

Sports competition (type)

21.229 (0.000)***

0.586

13.299 (0.000)***

0.470

4.601 (0.007)**

0.235

13.449 (0.000)***

0.473

3.143 (0.034)*

0.173

2.064 (0.118)

0.121

3.102 (0.035)*

0.171

2.063 (0.119)

0.120

F (p)

Rˆ2 adj

22.7 (0.000)

0.77

18.59 (0.000)

0.73

10.95 (0.000)

0.60

37.63 (0.000)

0.85

5.87 (0.000)

0.42

10.63 (0.000)

0.59

5.80 (0.000)

0.40

10.60 (0.000)

0.58

  1. BMD—bone mineral density; BMC—bone mineral content; dis—distal; prox—proximal; FM – fat mass; FFM—fat-free mass; HGS—hand grip strength; Sports competition (type) – volleyball, throwing athletes, climbing, snowboard; F—Ronald A. Fisher’s test; adj. R2—the adjusted R-squared values of determination; η2—eta squared; pp value, level of statistical significance: *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01 and ***p ≤ 0.001.