Fig. 6

Subjective Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ratings for nostalgic feelings, state-level well-being, and subjective memory vividness after listening to songs recommended by the Nostalgia Brain-Music Interface (N-BMI). VAS ratings for younger and older participants are shown in panels (A) and (B), respectively. Orange represents the data after listening to the song recommended to enhance nostalgic feelings (“nostalgic condition”), while green represents the data after listening to the song recommended to reduce nostalgic feelings (“non-nostalgic condition”). Each dot corresponds to data from an individual participant. Error bars represent the median ± 1.5 times the interquartile range (IQR). p < .05, *p < .01, **p < .001.