Table 5 Wilcoxon rank score of exoskeleton effect based on subjective rating—summary of means, standard deviations, and mean rank of PME.

From: Ergonomic assessment of a multi-joint actuated lower extremity exoskeleton to assist dynamic lifting and carrying tasks

Task

Perceived effort

Wilcoxon negative ranks of main effect

Sig. (Z, p < 0.05)

% Mean (SD)

Mode A (w/o Exo)

% Mean (SD)

Mode B (with Exo)

Difference of means (%)

Mean (N = 15)

Lifting

100.0 (0.0)

26.9 (12.2)

73.1

8.0

− 3.43, 0.001

Lifting and carrying

100.0 (0.0)

27.3 (14.8)

72.7

8.0

− 3.42, 0.001