Table 1 Characteristics of included patients.
Variables | Overall | Non-HAPI | HAPI |
|---|---|---|---|
n = 1165 | n = 1123 | n = 42 | |
Female, n (%) | 463 (39.7) | 448 (39.9) | 15 (35.7) |
Age (median [IQR]), y | 67.00 [54.00, 74.00] | 67.00 [54.00, 74.00] | 68.00 [63.25, 73.50] |
Body mass index, n (%) | |||
18.5–25 kg/m2 | 719 (61.7) | 689 (61.4) | 30 (71.4) |
< 18.5 kg/m2 | 89 (7.6) | 87 (7.7) | 2 (4.8) |
25–30 kg/m2 | 314 (27.0) | 304 (27.1) | 10 (23.8) |
> 30 kg/m2 | 43 (3.7) | 43 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Smoking, n (%) | 321 (27.6) | 308 (27.4) | 13 (31.0) |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 86 (7.4) | 82 (7.3) | 4 (9.5) |
Surgical intervention, n (%) | 183 (15.7) | 169 (15.0) | 14 (33.3) |
Administration of vasoactive medications, | 57 (4.9) | 49 (4.4) | 8 (19.0) |
n (%) | |||
Administration of hormones, n (%) | 37 (3.2) | 32 (2.8) | 5 (11.9) |
Administration of antibiotics, n (%) | 348 (29.9) | 319 (28.4) | 29 (69.0) |
Administration of sedatives, n (%) | 199 (17.1) | 177 (15.8) | 22 (52.4) |
Administration of analgesics, n (%) | 415 (35.6) | 393 (35.0) | 22 (52.4) |
Administration of anticoagulants, n (%) | 6 (0.5) | 5 (0.4) | 1 (2.4) |
Hemiplegia, n (%) | 164 (14.1) | 145 (12.9) | 19 (45.2) |
Edema, n (%) | 24 (2.1) | 14 (1.2) | 10 (23.8) |
Urinary incontinence, n (%) | 100 (8.6) | 92 (8.2) | 8 (19.0) |
Fecal incontinence, n (%) | 53 (4.5) | 48 (4.3) | 5 (11.9) |
Nutritional therapy, n (%) | |||
No | 6 (0.5) | 6 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) |
Enteral nutrition | 213 (18.3) | 184 (16.4) | 29 (69.0) |
Parenteral nutrition | 52 (4.5) | 51 (4.5) | 1 (2.4) |
Normal diet | 894 (76.7) | 882 (78.5) | 12 (28.6) |
Nutrition days (median [IQR]), d | 9.00 [5.00, 16.00] | 9.00 [5.00, 15.00] | 20.00 [7.00, 33.50] |
Fasting days (median [IQR]), d | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 9.50] |
Days in bed (median [IQR]), d | 7.00 [3.00, 13.00] | 6.00 [3.00, 13.00] | 24.00 [12.25, 39.25] |
Mechanical ventilation duration | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 1.00 [0.00, 15.00] |
(median [IQR]), d | |||
Physical restriction duration | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 7.00] |
(median [IQR]), d | |||
Length of stay (median [IQR]), d | 10.00 [5.00, 17.00] | 10.00 [5.00, 16.00] | 24.50 [14.00, 39.25] |
State of consciousness, n (%) | |||
Clear | 554 (47.6) | 548 (48.8) | 6 (14.3) |
Somnolence | 287 (24.6) | 278 (24.8) | 9 (21.4) |
Stupor | 188 (16.1) | 177 (15.8) | 11 (26.2) |
Shallow coma | 71 (6.1) | 64 (5.7) | 7 (16.7) |
Moderate coma | 31 (2.7) | 28 (2.5) | 3 (7.1) |
Deep coma | 34 (2.9) | 28 (2.5) | 6 (14.3) |
Maximum body temperature | 36.90 [36.60, 37.40] | 36.90 [36.60, 37.40] | 37.35 [36.90, 38.50] |
(median [IQR]), ℃ | |||
Minimum SPO2 (median [IQR]), % | 95.00 [95.00, 96.00] | 95.00 [95.00, 96.00] | 95.00 [94.00, 96.00] |
Minimum systolic blood pressure | 119.17 (14.83) | 119.32 (14.82) | 115.14 (14.52) |
(mean (SD)), mmHg | |||
Minimum diastolic blood pressure | 72.28 (9.25) | 72.31 (9.26) | 71.55 (9.03) |
(mean (SD)), mmHg | |||
Hypotension, n (%) | 59 (5.1) | 55 (4.9) | 4 (9.5) |
Braden Scale (median [IQR]) | 17.00 [14.00, 19.00] | 17.00 [14.00, 19.00] | 12.50 [10.25, 14.00] |
Sensory perception (median [IQR]) | 3.00 [3.00, 4.00] | 4.00 [3.00, 4.00] | 2.00 [2.00, 3.00] |
Moisture (median [IQR]) | 3.00 [3.00, 3.00] | 3.00 [3.00, 4.00] | 3.00 [2.00, 3.00] |
Activity (median [IQR]) | 3.00 [2.00, 3.00] | 3.00 [2.00, 3.00] | 2.00 [1.00, 2.75] |
Mobility (median [IQR]) | 3.00 [2.00, 3.00] | 3.00 [2.00, 3.00] | 2.00 [1.00, 3.00] |
Nutrition (median [IQR]) | 2.00 [2.00, 3.00] | 3.00 [2.00, 3.00] | 2.00 [1.00, 2.00] |
Friction, and Irritation (median [IQR]) | 2.00 [2.00, 3.00] | 2.00 [2.00, 3.00] | 2.00 [2.00, 2.00] |
Barthel Scale (median [IQR]) | 50.00 [20.00, 60.00] | 50.00 [20.00, 65.00] | 10.00 [0.00, 40.00] |
Glasgow Coma Scale (median [IQR]) | 14.00 [13.00, 15.00] | 14.00 [13.00, 15.00] | 10.00 [7.25, 14.00] |
Creatinine (median [IQR]), umol/L | 61.00 [49.50, 73.10] | 61.30 [49.60, 73.10] | 53.20 [44.70, 73.20] |
Albumin (median [IQR]), g/L | 42.00 [38.60, 45.40] | 42.10 [38.80, 45.40] | 38.00 [33.35, 43.42] |
Hemoglobin (median [IQR]), g/L | 127.00 [114.00, 138.00] | 127.00 [114.00, 138.00] | 122.00 [101.00, 130.00] |
Hematocrit (median [IQR]), % | 38.60 [34.50, 41.80] | 38.60 [34.60, 41.80] | 37.10 [31.60, 40.32] |
White blood cells (median [IQR]), ×109/L | 9.45 [7.16, 12.58] | 9.48 [7.14, 12.61] | 8.55 [7.32, 10.64] |
Red blood cells (median [IQR]), ×1012/L | 4.15 [3.71, 4.57] | 4.15 [3.73, 4.58] | 3.89 [3.27, 4.36] |
