Table 4 Multi-variable multilevel logistic regression analysis results of both individual-level and community-level factors associated with comorbidity of diarrhea and acute respiratory tract infection in low-and-middle income countries.
Variable | Response | Model II AOR (95%, CI) | Model III AOR (95%CI) | Model IV AOR (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic and child related factors | |||||
Mothers education | No education Primary Secondary | 1 1.14 (1.02–1.27) 1.22 (1.11–1.34) | 1 1.04 (0.93–1.16) 1.07 (0.97–1.29) | ||
Fathers education | No education Primary Secondary | 1 0.75 (0.68–0.82) 1.03 (0.94–1.12) | 1 0.93 (0.96–1.16) 1.17 (0.93–1.14) | ||
Maternal age | < 20 20–34 ≥ 35 | 1.11 (0.98–1.27) 1 0.80 (0.73–0.87) | 1.20 (1.06–1.38)* 1 0.77 (0.70–0.84)* | ||
Wealth index | Poor Middle Rich | 1.45 (1.32–1.58) 1.07 (0.97–1.19) 1 | 1.37 (1.24–1.5)* 1.05 (0.95–1.17) 1 | ||
Child sex | Male Female | 1.12 (1.06–1.20) 1 | 1.11 (1.05–1.19)* 1 | ||
Birth size | Small Average Large | 1.39 (1.28–1.51 1 1.27 (1.18–1.37) | 1.34 (1.24–1.46)* 1 1.30 (1.20–1.40)* | ||
Media exposure | Yes No | 1 1.27 (1.18–1.36) | 1 1.22 (1.13–1.31)* | ||
Toilet facility | Improved Unimproved | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) 1 | 0.95 (0.88–1.02) 1 | ||
Water source | Improved Unimproved | 1 1.04 (0.97–1.12) | 1 1.06 (1.01–1.14)* | ||
No of under-five | < 1 2–4 ≥ 5 | 1.16 (0.97–1.39) 0.99 (0.84–1.18) 1 | 1.1 (0.96–1.16) 0.98 (0.93–1.12) 1 | ||
Child age | 0–11 months 12–23 months 24–59 months | 1.25 (1.15–1.36) 1.59 (1.48–1.71) 1 | 1.23 (1.12–1.34)* 1.60 (1.47–1.72)* 1 | ||
Birth order | First Second Third Fourth & above | 0.99 (0.89–1.10) 1.05 (0.93–1.17) 1.05 (0.94–1.17) 1 | 1.00 (0.90–1.12) 1.11 (0.99–1.24) 1.12 (1.00-1.36) 1 | ||
Health insurance | Yes No | 1 1.46 (1.31–1.63) | 1 1.60 (1.42–1.80)* | ||
Vaccination status | Vaccinated Unvaccinated | 1 1.45 (1.34–1.58) | 1 1.45 (1.33–1.57)* | ||
Cocking fuel | Clean Solid | 0.89 (0.80–0.98) 1 | 0.86 (0.77–0.96)* 1 | ||
Access to water | Basic access Not basic access | 0.97 (0.91–1.04) 1 | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) 1 | ||
Community level factors | |||||
Residence | Urban Rural | 1 1.28 (1.25–1.31) | 1 1.53 (1.51–1.75)* | ||
Distance to health facility | Big problem Not big problem | 1.04 (0.98–1.12) 1 | 1.06 (0.99–1.14) 1 | ||
Countries income level | Low income Lower middle Upper middle | 1.46 (1.42–1.5) 1.92 (1.89–2.01) 1 | 2.23 (1.80–2.73)* 1.96 (1.58–2.3)* 1 | ||
Survey year | 2015–2019 2020–2024 | 0.92 (0.89–0.95) 1 | 1.32 (1.22–1.42)* 1 | ||
Region | Europe & American & Caribbean South & south east Asian Central Asia & the Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa | 1 1.55 (1.51–1.60) 1.44 (1.34–1.56) 1.6 (1.56–1.64) | 1 1.60 (1.49–1.72)* 1.63 (1.49–1.81)* 1.35 (1.29–1.41)* | ||
