Fig. 1

Shoot and root dry weights of genetically modified (GM) soybean, wild soybean, and F3 progenies with different transgene zygosities–homozygous (Homo), hemizygous (Hemi), and nullizygous (Null)–measured at the vegetative and flowering stages (n = 15 per genotype). Each boxplot shows the median (line within the box), the 25th and 75th percentiles (lower and upper box boundaries), and the 10th and the 90th percentiles (whiskers). Dots represent outliers. Different letters above the boxplots indicate statistically significant differences among genotypes (Tukey’s HSD test, p < 0.05).