Table 2 Material parameters for lead cover31 and copper-clad steel jacket32.

From: Thickness configuration optimization of B4C/UHMWPE composite armor under varying impact velocities and areal densities through numerical and experimental study

Material

ρ (kg/m3)

G (GPa)

A (MPa)

B (MPa)

N

C

Lead cover

11.34 × 103

7.0

14.0

17.6

0.685

0.035

Copper-clad steel

7.92 × 103

77.0

300.0

275.0

0.15

0.022

Material

M

\(\:{\dot{{\varepsilon}}}_{\text{0}}\) (s− 1)

Cp (J/kg·K)

Tm (K)

Tr (K)

D1

Lead cover

1.68

1.0

455

873

293

0.5

Copper-clad steel

1.09

1.0

169

1811

293

0.5

  1. Based on the continuum mechanics theory and damage theory, The Johnson-Holmquist (JH-2) model relates the damage behavior of material to the reduction of strength parameters and describes the evolution of material damage by introducing damage parameters. The JH-2 model is suitable for characterizing the dynamic response behavior of brittle materials, such as ceramics and glass, under large strains, high strain rates and high pressures33. In this study, the JH-2 model is applied to describe the dynamic response behavior of B4C ceramic panel, and the normalized equivalent stress is expressed as:
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