Table 4 Inter-group comparison of the dimensions of self-care index [score, (\(\bar{X} \pm S\)) or score M (P25, P75)]

Self-care maintenance

T0

21.65 ± 0.35

21.74 ± 0.31

− 0.188^b

T1

21.70 ± 1.82

22.61 ± 1.84

− 2.134^b

T2

22.00 (21.00,23.00)

23.00 (22.00,25.00)

− 3.929^a

Self-care management

T0

13.00 (12.00,13.00)

13.00 (12.00,14.00)

− 1.415^a

T1

13.00 (13.00,14.00)

15.00 (14.00,16.00)

− 5.734^a

T2

14.00 (13.00,14.00)

17.00 (16.00,17.00)

− 7.138^a

Self-care confidence

T0

12.00 (12.00,13.00)

13.00 (12.00,14.00)

− 1.911^a

T1

13.00 (12.00,13.00)

15.00 (14.00,16.00)

− 5.687^a

T2

14.00 (13.00,14.00)

16.00 (15.00,16.00)

− 6.441^a

Total score

T0

47.08 ± 2.74

48.26 ± 3.02

− 1.773^b

T1

48.38 ± 2.53

53.00 ± 2.48

− 7.983^b

T2

49.51 ± 1.69

55.74 ± 2.96

− 13.323^b