Table 1 Population in 2019 and historical annual mean PM2.5 concentrations (µg/m³) across 29 municipalities in the Po Valley taken from EEA for 2005 and 2019 and PM2.5 projection to 2030 in CLE2030 and OPT2030 scenarios, with relative confidence intervals. Bold indicates cities that meet the 2024 AAQD target. 

27.4

17.6

15.6 (14.7–16.5)

13.3 (12.3–14.2)

28.1

17.8

15.3 (14.3–16.2)

13.0 (12.1–13.9)

32.7

18.6

11.5 (10.5–12.5)

9.3 (8.3–10.3)

23.0

15.3

11.8 (11.0-12.5)

10.3 (9.5–11.1)

33.4

22.9

13.0 (12.0–14.0)

10.7 (9.7–11.7)

31.2

18.1

12.6 (11.6–13.6)

11.0 (10.0–12.0)

26.6

14.5

10.8 (9.8–11.8)

9.0 (8.0–10.0)

31.1

22.6

14.7 (13.7–15.7)

11.6 (10.6–12.6)

24.7

18.0

12.7 (11.9–13.4)

11.3 (10.5–12.1)

20.7

14.9

11.8 (11.0-12.6)

10.9 (10.1–11.7)

29.1

17.2

12.3 (11.3–13.3)

10.8 (9.8–11.8)

28.4

13.9

9.1 (8.1–10.1)

7.8 (6.8–8.8)

34.8

19.0

16.5 (15.5–17.5)

14.3 (13.3–15.3)

24.6

18.2

12.4 (11.6–13.2)

10.6 (9.8–11.4)

29.0

18.3

14.9 (13.9–15.8)

12.0 (11.1–13.0)

31.7

21.8

14.2 (13.3–15.1)

12.1 (11.2–13.0)

24.8

17.6

10.9 (10.1–11.7)

9.3 (8.5–10.1)

27.7

19.1

15.0 (14.0–16.0)

13.0 (12.0–14.0)

27.2

18.9

11.7 (10.9–12.5)

10.1 (9.3–10.9)

21.1

17.2

13.3 (12.5–14.1)

12.2 (11.5–13.0)

23.1

17.9

12.6 (11.8–13.4)

10.9 (10.1–11.6)

19.9

14.8

13.3 (12.5–14.1)

12.3 (11.6–13.1)

21.9

16.0

9.9 (9.1–10.7)

8.9 (8.1–9.7)

31.5

19.8

15.5 (14.6–16.4)

13.9 (13.0–14.8)

29.3

21.4

15.3 (14.3–16.3)

13.4 (12.4–14.4)

26.5

14.9

11.3 (10.3–12.3)

9.4 (8.4–10.4)

23.5

17.0

16.3 (15.3–17.1)

14.0 (13.1–14.9)

31.4

21.0

11.2 (10.3–12)

9.8 (8.9–10.7)

32.0

24.3

13.5 (12.6–14.4)

11.62 (10.7–12.6)