Table 2 Parameter settings for the comparative algorithms.

From: Multi-strategy enhanced sand cat swarm optimization algorithm and its engineering applications

Algorithm

Parameters

Value

MESCSO

\(S_M\)

2

Roulette Wheel selection

[0, 360]

SCSO

\(S_M\)

2

Roulette Wheel selection

[0, 360]

AOA

\(\mu\)

0.499

SABO

\(\alpha\)

5

\(\nu\)

\(\{1,2\}\)

DBO

k

0.1

\(\lambda\)

0.1

b

0.3

S

0.5

SCA

\(\alpha\)

2

HHO

\(E_0\)

[-1, 1]

J

[0, 2]

T

3

KOA

\(u_0\)

0.1

\(\gamma\)

15

BWO

\(W_f\)

[0.1, 0.05]

WOA

a

[2, 0]

b

0.75

l

[−1, 1]