Table 9 Experimental results of the pressure vessel design.

From: Multi-strategy enhanced sand cat swarm optimization algorithm and its engineering applications

Algorithm

\(y_1\)

\(y_2\)

\(y_3\)

\(y_4\)

Best cost

MESCSO

0.7782

0.3848

40.3232

199.9505

5885.9073

SCSO36

0.7798

0.9390

40.3864

199.2918

5917.46

CPSO55

0.8125

0.4375

42.0913

176.7465

6061.0777

HPSO56

0.8125

0.4345

42.0984

176.6366

6059.7143

GWO57

0.8125

0.4375

42.08918

176.7587

6059.5639

MVO58

0.8125

0.4375

42.09074

176.7387

6060.8066

HOA59

0.9166

0.4491

50.4672

96.5029

6344.6464

MSROA60

0.7734

0.3749

41.8366

180.1871

5807.8499

ISCA61

0.8125

0.4375

42.0984

176.6382

6059.7457