Fig. 1

Schematic of the process for turning chicken eggshells into HA scaffolds. raw eggshells, grinding them into powder, calcining calcium carbonate (CaCO₃CaCO₃) to calcium oxide (CaOCaO), hydrating calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂Ca(OH)₂), reacting with orthophosphoric acid to form hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO₄)6(OH)2Ca10(PO)6(OH)2), and finally drying and calcining to produce crystalline HA powder.