Fig. 10 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 10

From: Eco-friendly synthesis of eggshell-derived nano-hydroxyapatite: physicochemical characterization, hemocompatibility, and bone regeneration potential

Fig. 10

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA NPs) reduced the levels of IL-1β in BMDMs. The following conditions were used to treat BMDMs: (A) Untreated control BMDMs, (B) LPS + ATP-treated BMDMs, (C) LPS + ATP + HA NPs-treated BMDMs at 6.25 µg/ml, (D) LPS + ATP + HA NPs-treated BMDMs at 12.5 µg/ml, and (E) BMDMs-treated LPS + ATP + HA NPs at 25 µg/ml. The findings indicate that BMDMs treated with HA NPs had a dose-dependent decrease in IL-1β secretion, with the greatest reduction in IL-1β levels occurring at the highest concentration of HA NPs (25 µg/ml). Upper chart represented the experimental results after 7 h. While, lower chart represented the experimental results after 24 h. Asterisks denote statistical significance (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).

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