Fig. 11 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 11

From: Eco-friendly synthesis of eggshell-derived nano-hydroxyapatite: physicochemical characterization, hemocompatibility, and bone regeneration potential

Fig. 11

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA NPs) reduce IL-18 levels in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) stimulated by LPS + ATP. (A) Control BMDMs without treatment (2.248 pg/ml). (B) LPS + ATP treatment of BMDMs (195.7 pg/ml). (C) BMDMs treated with 6.25 µg/ml (140.4 pg/ml) of LPS + ATP + HA NPs. (D) LPS + ATP + HA NPs were administered to BMDMs at a concentration of 12.5 µg/ml (113.5 pg/ml). (E) BMDMs treated with 25 µg/ml (85.70 pg/ml) of LPS + ATP + HA NPs. Asterisks denote statistical significance. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001. Upper chart represented the experimental results after 7 h. While, lower chart represented the experimental results after 24 h.

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