Fig. 7

Fluorescence Imaging and measurement of human red blood cell fluorescence intensity in HA nanoparticles (25 mg/ml) and controls. Three experimental groups are shown in the figure using bright-field and fluorescence images: (A) positive control, (B) eggshell-derived HA nanoparticles at a concentration of 25 mg/ml, and (C) negative control. While the right panels display fluorescence images, which show different fluorescence intensities among the groups, the left panels display bright-field images. While Group C (negative control) shows a noticeably weaker fluorescence signal, Group A (positive control) and Group B (HA nanoparticles) show high fluorescence intensity. With N = 10 for each group, the fluorescence intensity (y-axis) is quantified in the bar graph below as follows: 6343 ± 75.11 (A, positive control), 6166 ± 54.60 (B, HA nanoparticles at 25 mg/ml), and 257.1 ± 26.40 (C, negative control).