Table 3 Developmental competence of embryos derived from vitrified/warmed IVM bovine oocytes after EV supplementation during maturation.

From: Enhancing developmental potential of vitrified in vitro matured bovine oocytes using extracellular vesicles from large follicles

 

n

Cleavage rate (%)

D7 blastocysts(%)

D8 blastocysts(%)

nD8

D8 blastocysts

Non-expanded(%)

Expanded(%)

Hatched(%)

Control

179

162 (91.0 ± 1.3)

49 (27.2 ± 2.7)a

55 (31.2 ± 2.5)a

55

18 (9.3 ± 1.4)

22 (12.8 ± 1.4)a

15 (9.0 ± 2.6)a

Small

162

150 (91.8 ± 1.7)

34 (23.4 ± 4.2)a, c

51 (31.0 ± 2.2)a

51

23 (13.9 ± 2.5)

16 (10.2 ± 2.8)a, c

12 (6.8 ± 2.7)a, b

Large

143

127 (90.0 ± 2.4)

35 (24.7 ± 1.3)a

37 (26.2 ± 1.8)a, b

37

15 (13.3 ± 3.4)

13 (7.9 ± 2.2)a, b

9 (5.8 ± 2.9)a, b

VIT

168

130 (80.4 ± 6.1)

18 (13.8 ± 3.1)b, c

30 (18.3 ± 1.8)b

30

22 (13.4 ± 2.7)

6 (3.3 ± 0.8)b

2 (1.5 ± 1.5)b

VIT Small

143

118 (83.2 ± 3.9)

17 (11.7 ± 3.2)b

25 (18.5 ± 6.0)b, c

25

18 (13.4 ± 5.1)

4 (2.9 ± 1.2)b

3 (1.5 ± 0.9)b

VIT Large

127

105 (83.2 ± 1.8)

34 (25.3 ± 4.2)a

37 (28.5 ± 4.5)a, c

37

18 (13.9 ± 2.5)

11 (7.6 ± 1.5)b, c

8 (6.7 ± 3.4)a, b

  1. Data represent four independent replicates, with an average of 31 to 45 oocytes that were fertilized at 24 h of IVM per group in each replicate. Unless indicated otherwise, data are given as the mean ± SEM. a, b,c Within columns, values with different superscript letters differ significantly (P < 0.05). Cleavage rates (48 hpi) and D7 and D8 blastocyst yields were based on the number of oocytes that survived at Day 1 post-insemination. Oocyte survival was assessed on the basis of integrity of the oocyte membrane and zona pellucida, along with discoloration of the cytoplasm. nD8: total number of blastocysts observed at day 8 post-insemination. Non-expanded: early and non-expanded blastocysts; Expanded: expanded blastocysts; Hatched: hatching and hatched blastocysts. Control: oocytes in vitro matured in standard IVM medium; Small: oocytes in vitro matured in IVM medium supplemented with EVs from small follicles; Large: oocytes in vitro matured in IVM medium supplemented with EVs from large follicles; VIT, VIT Small, and VIT Large underwent identical IVM conditions as their non-vitrified counterparts but were vitrified/warmed at 21 h of IVM and allowed to recover for 3 additional hours post-warming.