Fig. 1

Prokaryotic composition of the buccal swab (BS), rumen cannula (RC) and esophageal tubing (ET) samples after the suppression of specific buccal ASVs (stringent filtering). (A) Prokaryotic phyla of the BS, RC and ET samples of each cow; (B) Prokaryotic families of the BS, RC and ET samples; (C) alpha diversity analysis; (D) PLS-DA analysis of the different samples (BS, blue circles; RC, orange triangles; ET, grey cross).