Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients (grouped according to ARDS).

From: Correlation between stress hyperglycemia ratio and risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with sepsis: a MIMIC-IV cohort study

Characteristic

Overall, N = 1,9461

Without ARDS, N = 1,2821

ARDS, N = 6641

p-value2

SHR (continuous)

1.14 [0.91, 1.46]

1.10 [0.89, 1.41]

1.21 [0.96, 1.54]

< 0.001***

Hospital Deaths

262 (13%)

143 (11%)

119 (18%)

< 0.001***

Hospital stays (days)

12 [7, 20]

10 [6, 17]

15 [9, 26]

< 0.001***

Follow-up time of ARDS (days)

6 [1, 13]

10 [6, 17]

0 [0, 1]

< 0.001***

Demographic data

    

Age

   

< 0.001***

< 40 years

118 (6.1%)

55 (4.3%)

63 (9.5%)

 

> 60 years

1,251 (64%)

901 (70%)

350 (53%)

 

40–60 years

577 (30%)

326 (25%)

251 (38%)

 

Gender

   

0.900

Female

796 (41%)

526 (41%)

270 (41%)

 

Male

1,150 (59%)

756 (59%)

394 (59%)

 

Race

   

< 0.001***

Asian

39 (2.0%)

29 (2.3%)

10 (1.5%)

 

Black

201 (10%)

143 (11%)

58 (8.7%)

 

Other

554 (28%)

301 (23%)

253 (38%)

 

White

1,152 (59%)

809 (63%)

343 (52%)

 

Marital status

   

< 0.001***

Divorced

146 (7.5%)

103 (8.0%)

43 (6.5%)

 

Married

792 (41%)

542 (42%)

250 (38%)

 

Other

273 (14%)

144 (11%)

129 (19%)

 

Single

536 (28%)

329 (26%)

207 (31%)

 

Widowed

199 (10%)

164 (13%)

35 (5.3%)

 

Laboratory data

    

SBP

   

0.035*

< 90 mmHg

17 (0.9%)

16 (1.2%)

1 (0.2%)

 

90–120 mmHg

418 (21%)

287 (22%)

131 (20%)

 

> 120 mmHg

661 (34%)

423 (33%)

238 (36%)

 

DBP

   

0.048*

< 60 mmHg

151 (7.8%)

112 (8.7%)

39 (5.9%)

 

60–80 mmHg

677 (35%)

451 (35%)

226 (34%)

 

> 80 mmHg

268 (14%)

163 (13%)

105 (16%)

 

BMI

   

0.500

Normal

172 (8.8%)

112 (8.7%)

60 (9.0%)

 

Obesity

512 (26%)

338 (26%)

174 (26%)

 

Overweight

261 (13%)

179 (14%)

82 (12%)

 

Underweight

25 (1.3%)

20 (1.6%)

5 (0.8%)

 

Albumin

   

< 0.001***

< 3.5 g/dL

1,086 (56%)

649 (51%)

437 (66%)

 

≥ 3.5 g/dL

302 (16%)

211 (16%)

91 (14%)

 

ALP, IU/L

87 [63, 119]

90 [67, 122]

77 [59, 110]

< 0.001***

ALT, IU/L

39 [20, 82]

39 [19, 83]

38 [21, 82]

0.300

AST, IU/L

55 [28, 118]

54 [26, 115]

56 [30, 128]

0.040*

Basophils

   

< 0.001***

< 2%

1,284 (66%)

812 (63%)

472 (71%)

 

≥ 2%

5 (0.3%)

2 (0.2%)

3 (0.5%)

 

Creatinine kinase MB

   

0.030*

< 10 ng/mL

644 (33%)

450 (35%)

194 (29%)

 

≥ 10 ng/mL

362 (19%)

228 (18%)

134 (20%)

 

Creatinine, mg/dL

1.20 [0.80, 1.80]

1.20 [0.90, 1.90]

1.10 [0.80, 1.60]

< 0.001***

Eosinophils

   

0.002**

< 4%

1,176 (60%)

743 (58%)

433 (65%)

 

≥ 4%

113 (5.8%)

71 (5.5%)

42 (6.3%)

 

Glucose, mg/dL

146 [113, 206]

143 [110, 202]

153 [117, 214]

0.004**

HbA1c, %

6.00 [5.50, 7.00]

6.00 [5.50, 7.20]

5.90 [5.40, 6.70]

0.005**

Lactate

   

< 0.001***

< 2 mmol/L

925 (48%)

589 (46%)

336 (51%)

 

≥ 2 mmol/L

616 (32%)

323 (25%)

293 (44%)

 

Lymphocytes

   

< 0.001***

< 18%

1,067 (55%)

671 (52%)

396 (60%)

 

18–42%

208 (11%)

130 (10%)

78 (12%)

 

> 42%

14 (0.7%)

13 (1.0%)

1 (0.2%)

 

Monocytes

   

0.004**

< 2%

83 (4.3%)

53 (4.1%)

30 (4.5%)

 

2–11%

1,087 (56%)

682 (53%)

405 (61%)

 

> 11%

119 (6.1%)

79 (6.2%)

40 (6.0%)

 

Neutrophils

   

0.001**

< 50%

34 (1.7%)

26 (2.0%)

8 (1.2%)

 

50–70%

233 (12%)

144 (11%)

89 (13%)

 

> 70%

1,022 (53%)

644 (50%)

378 (57%)

 

PaCO2, mmHg

40 [36, 44]

39 [36, 43]

40 [34, 46]

0.500

Platelets, K/uL

189 [133, 251]

192 [137, 252]

181 [129, 249]

0.047*

PaO2, mmHg

108 [68, 152]

111 [69, 152]

101 [68, 151]

0.600

Potassium

   

< 0.001***

< 3.3 mEq/L

193 (9.9%)

101 (7.9%)

92 (14%)

 

≥ 3.3 mEq/L

709 (36%)

367 (29%)

342 (52%)

 

Urea nitrogen, mg/dL

23 [15, 39]

25 [16, 42]

20 [14, 30]

< 0.001***

PaO2/FiO2

208 [115, 323]

203 [109, 344]

208 [120, 305]

0.913

WBC, K/uL

12 [9, 16]

12 [8, 16]

13 [9, 17]

0.003**

Complications and Treatment

    

Acute pancreatitis

59 (3.0%)

31 (2.4%)

28 (4.2%)

0.028*

Cerebrovascular disease

628 (32%)

391 (30%)

237 (36%)

0.020*

CNS inflammation

147 (7.6%)

98 (7.6%)

49 (7.4%)

0.800

COPD

436 (22%)

291 (23%)

145 (22%)

0.700

Diabetes

895 (46%)

635 (50%)

260 (39%)

< 0.001***

Hypertension

790 (41%)

454 (35%)

336 (51%)

< 0.001***

Insulin

1,163 (60%)

929 (72%)

234 (35%)

< 0.001***

Respiratory failure

815 (42%)

439 (34%)

376 (57%)

< 0.001***

Scores

    

LODS

5 [3, 7]

5 [3, 7]

6 [4, 8]

< 0.001***

OASIS

33 [28, 39]

32 [27, 38]

36 [31, 41]

< 0.001***

SIRS

   

< 0.001***

0

14 (0.7%)

12 (0.9%)

2 (0.3%)

 

1

154 (7.9%)

117 (9.1%)

37 (5.6%)

 

2

529 (27%)

381 (30%)

148 (22%)

 

3

816 (42%)

537 (42%)

279 (42%)

 

4

433 (22%)

235 (18%)

198 (30%)

 

SOFA

4.00 [2.00, 5.00]

3.00 [2.00, 5.00]

4.00 [3.00, 6.00]

< 0.001***

  1. 1n (%); Median [IQR].
  2. 2*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
  3. Q1 = 0.193–0.905, Q2 = 0.905–1.138, Q3 = 1.138–1.461, Q4 = 1.461–7.413.
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