Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients (grouped according to SHR).

From: Correlation between stress hyperglycemia ratio and risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with sepsis: a MIMIC-IV cohort study

Characteristic

Overall, N = 1,9461

Q1, N = 4871

Q2, N = 4861

Q3, N = 4861

Q4, N = 4871

p-value2

SHR

1.14 [0.91, 1.46]

0.76 [0.65, 0.84]

1.02 [0.96, 1.08]

1.27 [1.20, 1.36]

1.79 [1.59, 2.10]

< 0.001***

Hospital Deaths

262 (13%)

44 (9.0%)

56 (12%)

65 (13%)

97 (20%)

< 0.001***

Hospital stays (days)

12 [7, 20]

11 [6, 19]

11 [7, 20]

13 [7, 22]

12 [7, 20]

0.009**

Follow-up time of ARDS (days)

6 [1, 13]

7 [2, 13]

7 [2, 14]

6 [1, 14]

5 [0, 12]

0.005**

Demographic data

      

Age

     

0.200

< 40 years

118 (6.1%)

25 (5.1%)

29 (6.0%)

25 (5.1%)

39 (8.0%)

 

40–60 years

577 (30%)

136 (28%)

145 (30%)

140 (29%)

156 (32%)

 

> 60 years

1,251 (64%)

326 (67%)

312 (64%)

321 (66%)

292 (60%)

 

Gender

     

0.200

Female

796 (41%)

202 (41%)

187 (38%)

189 (39%)

218 (45%)

 

Male

1,150 (59%)

285 (59%)

299 (62%)

297 (61%)

269 (55%)

 

Race

     

0.003**

Asian

39 (2.0%)

9 (1.8%)

12 (2.5%)

10 (2.1%)

8 (1.6%)

 

Black

201 (10%)

59 (12%)

43 (8.8%)

56 (12%)

43 (8.8%)

 

Other

554 (28%)

101 (21%)

151 (31%)

139 (29%)

163 (33%)

 

White

1,152 (59%)

318 (65%)

280 (58%)

281 (58%)

273 (56%)

 

Marital status

     

< 0.001***

Divorced

146 (7.5%)

49 (10%)

31 (6.4%)

34 (7.0%)

32 (6.6%)

 

Married

792 (41%)

220 (45%)

197 (41%)

191 (39%)

184 (38%)

 

Other

273 (14%)

39 (8.0%)

67 (14%)

75 (15%)

92 (19%)

 

Single

536 (28%)

129 (26%)

133 (27%)

134 (28%)

140 (29%)

 

Widowed

199 (10%)

50 (10%)

58 (12%)

52 (11%)

39 (8.0%)

 

Laboratory data

      

SBP

     

0.247

< 90 mmHg

17 (0.9%)

0 (0%)

8 (1.6%)

4 (0.8%)

5 (1.0%)

 

90–120 mmHg

418 (21%)

111 (23%)

105 (22%)

108 (22%)

94 (19%)

 

> 120 mmHg

661 (34%)

169 (35%)

164 (34%)

164 (34%)

164 (34%)

 

DBP

     

0.130

< 60 mmHg

151 (7.8%)

31 (6.4%)

41 (8.4%)

42 (8.6%)

37 (7.6%)

 

60–80 mmHg

677 (35%)

189 (39%)

180 (37%)

155 (32%)

153 (31%)

 

> 80 mmHg

268 (14%)

60 (12%)

56 (12%)

79 (16%)

73 (15%)

 

BMI

     

0.400

Normal

172 (8.8%)

38 (7.8%)

36 (7.4%)

48 (9.9%)

50 (10%)

 

Obesity

512 (26%)

140 (29%)

117 (24%)

134 (28%)

121 (25%)

 

Overweight

261 (13%)

65 (13%)

77 (16%)

62 (13%)

57 (12%)

 

Underweight

25 (1.3%)

3 (0.6%)

8 (1.6%)

7 (1.4%)

7 (1.4%)

 

Albumin

     

0.004**

< 3.5 g/dL

1,086 (56%)

251 (52%)

257 (53%)

282 (58%)

296 (61%)

 

≥ 3.5 g/dL

302 (16%)

68 (14%)

77 (16%)

81 (17%)

76 (16%)

 

ALP, IU/L

87 [63, 119]

93 [69, 126]

85 [62, 112]

84 [61, 116]

84 [61, 113]

< 0.001***

ALT, IU/L

39 [20, 82]

38 [18, 81]

36 [18, 64]

39 [22, 78]

46 [23, 114]

< 0.001***

AST, IU/L

55 [28, 118]

55 [26, 110]

46 [25, 93]

56 [29, 106]

66 [32, 189]

< 0.001***

Basophils

     

0.379

< 2%

1,284 (66%)

313 (64%)

312 (64%)

326 (67%)

333 (68%)

 

≥ 2%

5 (0.3%)

1 (0.2%)

1 (0.2%)

3 (0.6%)

0 (0%)

 

Creatinine kinase MB

     

< 0.001***

< 10 ng/mL

644 (33%)

166 (34%)

169 (35%)

165 (34%)

144 (30%)

 

≥ 10 ng/mL

362 (19%)

65 (13%)

71 (15%)

93 (19%)

133 (27%)

 

Creatinine, mg/dL

1.20 [0.80, 1.80]

1.10 [0.80, 1.80]

1.00 [0.80, 1.40]

1.20 [0.80, 1.90]

1.30 [1.00, 2.00]

< 0.001***

Eosinophils

     

0.200

< 4%

1,176 (60%)

280 (57%)

280 (58%)

304 (63%)

312 (64%)

 

≥ 4%

113 (5.8%)

34 (7.0%)

33 (6.8%)

25 (5.1%)

21 (4.3%)

 

Glucose, mg/dL

146 [113, 206]

101 [88, 126]

123 [109, 146]

157 [139, 188]

241 [187, 317]

< 0.001***

HbA1c, %

6.00 [5.50, 7.00]

6.20 [5.70, 8.10]

5.80 [5.40, 6.60]

5.90 [5.40, 6.70]

6.00 [5.40, 7.00]

< 0.001***

Lactate

     

< 0.001***

< 2 mmol/L

925 (48%)

230 (47%)

266 (55%)

240 (49%)

189 (39%)

 

≥ 2 mmol/L

616 (32%)

115 (24%)

98 (20%)

156 (32%)

247 (51%)

 

Lymphocytes

     

< 0.001***

< 18%

1,067 (55%)

230 (47%)

265 (55%)

282 (58%)

290 (60%)

 

18–42%

208 (11%)

80 (16%)

45 (9.3%)

45 (9.3%)

38 (7.8%)

 

> 42%

14 (0.7%)

4 (0.8%)

3 (0.6%)

2 (0.4%)

5 (1.0%)

 

Monocytes

     

0.400

< 2%

83 (4.3%)

16 (3.3%)

16 (3.3%)

26 (5.3%)

25 (5.1%)

 

2–11%

1,087 (56%)

264 (54%)

270 (56%)

269 (55%)

284 (58%)

 

> 11%

119 (6.1%)

34 (7.0%)

27 (5.6%)

34 (7.0%)

24 (4.9%)

 

Neutrophils

     

0.070

< 50%

34 (1.7%)

9 (1.8%)

7 (1.4%)

8 (1.6%)

10 (2.1%)

 

50–70%

233 (12%)

77 (16%)

53 (11%)

55 (11%)

48 (9.9%)

 

> 70%

1,022 (53%)

228 (47%)

253 (52%)

266 (55%)

275 (56%)

 

PaCO2, mmHg

40 [36, 44]

40 [36, 44]

39 [36, 43]

39 [35, 44]

40 [35, 46]

0.100

Platelets, K/uL

189 [133, 251]

194 [135, 258]

185 [133, 251]

187 [138, 246]

192 [127, 253]

0.800

PaO2, mmHg

108 [68, 152]

108 [66, 146]

110 [72, 151]

106 [66, 156]

106 [66, 155]

0.700

Potassium

     

< 0.001***

< 3.3 mEq/L

193 (9.9%)

35 (7.2%)

47 (9.7%)

44 (9.1%)

67 (14%)

 

≥ 3.3 mEq/L

709 (36%)

148 (30%)

160 (33%)

188 (39%)

213 (44%)

 

PaO2/FiO2

208 [115, 323]

211 [118, 308]

202 [118, 328]

203 [115, 324]

208 [111, 331]

0.916

Urea nitrogen, mg/dL

23 [15, 39]

22 [14, 40]

21 [14, 32]

24 [16, 39]

26 [17, 44]

< 0.001***

WBC, K/uL

12 [9, 16]

11 [8, 14]

11 [8, 14]

13 [9, 17]

14 [10, 19]

< 0.001***

Complications and Treatment

      

Acute pancreatitis

59 (3.0%)

10 (2.1%)

15 (3.1%)

16 (3.3%)

18 (3.7%)

0.500

Cerebrovascular disease

628 (32%)

137 (28%)

192 (40%)

174 (36%)

125 (26%)

< 0.001***

CNS inflammation

147 (7.6%)

39 (8.0%)

32 (6.6%)

46 (9.5%)

30 (6.2%)

0.200

COPD

436 (22%)

119 (24%)

96 (20%)

100 (21%)

121 (25%)

0.130

Diabetes

895 (46%)

261 (54%)

184 (38%)

199 (41%)

251 (52%)

< 0.001***

Hypertension

790 (41%)

188 (39%)

208 (43%)

219 (45%)

175 (36%)

0.017*

Insulin

1,163 (60%)

293 (60%)

273 (56%)

264 (54%)

333 (68%)

< 0.001***

Respiratory failure

815 (42%)

171 (35%)

173 (36%)

226 (47%)

245 (50%)

< 0.001***

Scores:

      

LODS

5 [3, 7]

5 [3, 7]

5 [3, 6]

5 [3, 7]

6 [4, 8]

< 0.001***

OASIS

33 [28, 39]

32 [27, 38]

33 [28, 38]

34 [29, 39]

35 [29, 41]

< 0.001***

SIRS

     

< 0.001***

0

14 (0.7%)

2 (0.4%)

4 (0.8%)

6 (1.2%)

2 (0.4%)

 

1

154 (7.9%)

49 (10%)

43 (8.8%)

28 (5.8%)

34 (7.0%)

 

2

529 (27%)

167 (34%)

146 (30%)

121 (25%)

95 (20%)

 

3

816 (42%)

192 (39%)

195 (40%)

217 (45%)

212 (44%)

 

4

433 (22%)

77 (16%)

98 (20%)

114 (23%)

144 (30%)

 

SOFA

4.00 [2.00, 5.00]

3.00 [2.00, 5.00]

3.00 [2.00, 5.00]

4.00 [2.00, 5.00]

4.00 [3.00, 7.00]

< 0.001***

  1. 1n (%); Median [IQR].
  2. 2*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
  3. Q1 = 0.193–0.905, Q2 = 0.905–1.138, Q3 = 1.138–1.461, Q4 = 1.461–7.413.
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