Table 2 Cox regression results showing HR for mortality across different LAR levels.

From: Lactate-to-albumin ratio as an independent predictor of 28-day ICU mortality in patients with hypertension: a retrospective cohort study

Model

LAR (continuous)

LAR (< 0.46)

LAR (0.46–0.81)

LAR (> 0.81)

HR (95%CI)

P value

HR (95%CI)

P value

HR (95%CI)

P value

Unadjusted Model

1.576 (1.467–1.693)

< 0.001

Reference

1.340 (1.134–1.583)

< 0.001

1.839 (1.570–2.154)

< 0.001

Model 1

1.573 (1.463–1.691)

< 0.001

Reference

1.325 (1.121–1.566)

< 0.001

1.793 (1.530–2.101)

< 0.001

Model 2

1.453 (1.348–1.566)

< 0.001

Reference

1.263 (1.068–1.493)

0.006

1.592 (1.356–1.870)

< 0.001

Model 3

1.453 (1.349–1.565)

< 0.001

Reference

1.275 (1.078–1.508)

0.005

1.627 (1.385–1.912)

< 0.001

Model 4

1.449 (1.342–1.565)

< 0.001

Reference

1.246 (1.053–1.476)

0.011

1.578 (1.340–1.859)

< 0.001

Model 5

1.240 (1.138–1.351)

< 0.001

Reference

1.151 (0.971–1.364)

0.104

1.229 (1.035–1.459)

0.019

  1. Unadjusted model: Includes no covariates. Model 1: Adjusts for baseline demographic characteristics, including Age, Race, Gender, and BMI. Model 2: Further adjusts for comorbidities, including AKI, CA, CKD, T2DM, COPD, MI, and HF. Model 3: Includes treatment factors of ICU admission, including Antihypertensive use, Glucocorticoid use, NBPM, RR, Spo2, and Temperaturef. Model 4: Adds laboratory results, including WBC, RBC, Hb, Cr, BUN, Na, K, Calcium, and PLT. Model 5: Further includes clinical scores, such as SOFA, SAPSII, and GCS. LAR: Lactate-to-Albumin Ratio; HR: Hazard Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; BMI: Body Mass Index; AKI: Acute Kidney Injury; CA: Cancer; CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease; T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; MI: Myocardial Infarction; HF: Heart Failure; NBPM: Non-invasive Blood Pressure Monitoring; RR: Respiratory Rate; SpO₂: Oxygen Saturation; Temperaturef: Temperature in Fahrenheit; WBC: White Blood Cell; RBC: Red Blood Cell; Hb: Hemoglobin; Cr: Creatinine; BUN: Blood Urea Nitrogen; Na: Sodium; K: Potassium; Ca: Calcium; PLT: Platelet; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; SAPSII: Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale.
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