Fig. 4
The pattern of temporal variations of the first peak during the electrical stimulation. Compared to baseline measurements, CSF pressure increased significantly in all four monitored regions, with notable rise in the first peak values of the LVP, FPP and OPP. It demonstrated the redistribution of CSF within both the cranial cavity and spinal subarachnoid space. The chronological order of the first peak time was as follows: OPP (0.28s), LVP (0.42s), FPP (0.50s), and LSP (0.64s). This figure illustrated the wave-like propagation of CSF pressure changes, emphasizing the temporal and spatial redistribution of CSF during electrical stimulation. LVP, right lateral ventricle pressure; FPP, right frontal pole pressure; OPP, right occipital pole pressure; LSP, lumbar subarachnoid pressure; red asterisk, indicated the occipito-atlantal cistern (OAC), a key site for CSF dynamics.
