Fig. 3

Variable selection by logistic LASSO regression. A LASSO coefficient profiles for variables significant in univariate analysis; each coefficient profile plot was produced against the log(lambda) sequence. B seven variables with nonzero coefficients were selected by optimal lambda. By verifying the optimal parameter (lambda) in the LASSO model, the partial likelihood deviance (binomial deviance) curve was plotted versus log(lambda), and dotted vertical lines were set using the minimum criteria and the one standard error of the minimum criteria. LASSO indicates least absolute shrinkage and selection operator.