Table 4 Comparison of NPI with manual and ESC control.

From: Implementation of real-time optimization control to reduce environmental impact in laser diode assisted sustainable leather cutting

Standoff distance

18 mm

20 mm

22 mm

Performance

NPI

NPI

NPI

Frequency (kHz)

Manual

ESC

Manual

ESC

Manual

ESC

16

0.8

0.96

0.84

0.99

0.82

0.97

18

0.82

0.97

0.85

1

0.83

0.99

20

0.79

0.95

0.83

0.98

0.82

0.97