Fig. 1

Changes in kidney functions across groups. (a) Trends in eGFR across the three groups. In the no GH group, eGFR declined progressively at both the midpoint and endpoints compared with that at baseline (*p < 0.001). In the GH group, eGFR decreased at the midpoint compared with that at the baseline (#p < 0.05); however, no significant change was observed between the midpoint and endpoint. (b) Trends in UPCR across the three groups (*p < 0.001, #p < 0.05). (c) The annual change in eGFR (ΔeGFR) at the midpoint among the three groups. The vaccinated with GH group had a significantly greater decline in eGFR than the vaccinated without GH group (*p < 0.05). (d) ΔeGFR at the endpoint among the three groups. No significant differences were observed. (e) The annual percentage change in eGFR (ΔeGFR%) at the midpoint among the three groups. The vaccinated with GH group had a significantly greater decline in eGFR than the vaccinated without GH group (*p < 0.05). (f) ΔeGFR% at the endpoint among the three groups. No significant differences were observed. Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GH, gross hematuria; UPCR, urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio.