Table 1 Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters of the patients participating in the study (GAS: microbiologically positive to S. pyogenes; CTR: negative for S. pyogenes). Results of Chi Square or Fischer Exact Tests and Welch t-test for categorical and normally distributed numeric variables, respectively, are reported. Significant results (p=0.05) are highlighted.
n (%) - mean; median [Q1-Q3] | Pearson’s Chi-Square (p value) | Fisher exact test (p value) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
GAS (45) | CTR (43) | |||
Gender (female) | 22 (48.9) | 18 (41.9) | ||
Age | 5.54; 4.91 [3.38–6.33] | 4.47; 4.12 [1.95–5.59] | ||
Symptoms | ||||
Pharyngodynia | 10 (23.3) | 0.027 | 0.027 | |
Fever > 38 °C | 35 (81.4) | 0.568 | 0.568 | |
Pharyngeal Hyperaemia | 38 (88.4) | 0.168 | 0.168 | |
Lymphadenopathy | 7 (16.3) | 0.053 | 0.053 | |
Tonsillar Exudate | 12 (27.9) | 0.626 | 0.626 | |
Palate Petechiae | 7 (16.3) | 1,000 | 1,000 | |
Aphthae Tonsillar Pillars/Tonsils | 1 (2,3) | 0,489 | 0,489 | |
White Strawberry Tongue | 3 (7.0) | 0,355 | 0,355 | |
Vomit | 12 (27.9) | 0.817 | 0.817 | |
Abdominal Pain | 6 (14.0) | 0.011 | 0.011 | |
Diarrhoea | 2 (4.7) | 0,236 | 0,236 | |
Maculopapular Rash | 6 (14.0) | 0,773 | 0,773 | |
Rhinitis | 19 (44.2) | 0.002 | 0.002 | |
Antibiotic therapy before the last 30 days from enrolment | 8 (17.8) | 6 (14.0) | 0.624 | |
Amoxicillin | 1 (2.3) | 1 (2.2) | ||
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid | 2 (4.7) | 1 (2.2) | ||
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid, Cefixime | 1 (2.3) | 2 (4.4) | ||
Cefixime | 1 (2.3) | 1 (2.2) | ||
Unknown | 3 (6.7) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Antibiotic therapy prescribed after diagnosis | NA | |||
Amoxicillin | 27 (60.0) | 4 (9.3) | ||
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid | 10 (22.2) | 4 (9.3) | ||
Azithromycin | 1 (2.2) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Cefaclor | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Cefepime + metronidazole | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Cefixime | 1 (2.2) | 3 (7.0) | ||
Ceftriaxone | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | ||
Ceftriaxone + teicoplanin, amoxicillin | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | ||
Clarithromycin | 2 (4.4) | 0 (0) | ||
Clindamycin | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | ||
Unknown | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | ||
Antibiotic therapy prescribed for an etiology unrelated to pharyngotonsillitis | 5 (11.1) | 3 (6.98) | 0.714 | |
Duration of therapy (days) mg/kg/day | 9.06; 10.00 [9.00–10.00] | 7.64; 7.00 [7.00-7.75] | 0.001 | |
46.21; 50.00 [50.00–50.00] | 38.77; 50.00 [9.00–50.00] | 0.078 | ||
Diagnosis | NA | |||
Hospitalized | 3 (6.7) | 2 (4.7) | ||
Tonsil abscess | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | ||
Febrile convulsion | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Hematemesis and melena | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | ||
Laryngitis | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Lymphadenomegaly | 2 (4.4) | 0 (0) | ||
Myositis | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Otitis | 0 (0) | 3 (7.0) | ||
Primary peritonitis | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Pneumonia | 1 (2.2) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Scarlet fever | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | ||
Suspected HHV6 encephalitis | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | ||
Suspected intestinal intussusception, not confirmed | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Febrile status epilepticus | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Head trauma | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | ||
RADT GAS | NA | |||
Negative | 2 (4.4) | 3 (7.0) | ||
Positive | 10 (22.2) | 0 (0) | ||
Not performed | 33 (73.3) | 40 (93.0) | ||
Virus detection | NA | |||
Adenovirus | 4 (8.9) | 6 (14.0) | ||
Adenovirus, Coronavirus Nl63 | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | ||
Adenovirus, Coronavirus Nl63, Enterovirus | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Adenovirus, Rhino/Enterovirus | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Adenovirus, Rhinovirus | 1 (2.2) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Adenovirus, Rhinovirus, Bocavirus | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Coronavirus Oc43, Rhinovirus | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | ||
Enterovirus | 1 (2.2) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Enterovirus, Adenovirus, Coronavirus OC43, NL63 | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Influenza A | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Influenza B | 0 (0) | 2 (4.7) | ||
Parainfluenza 3 | 2 (4.4) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Rhinovirus | 5 (11.1) | 5 (11.6) | ||
Rhinovirus, Adenovirus | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Rhinovirus, Enterovirus | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | ||
Negative | 7 (15.6) | 8 (18.6) | ||
Not performed | 22 (48.9) | 13 (30.2) | ||
Molecular swab for Sars-Cov-2 | NA | |||
Negative | 6 (13.3) | 2 (4.7) | ||
Not performed | 39 (86.7) | 41 (95.3) | ||
CRP | ||||
Done | 9 (20.0) | 11 (25.6) | 0.157 | |
Positive | 8 (88.9) | 6 (54.5) | 0.157 | |
PCT | NA | |||
Done | 0 (0) | 1 (2,3) | ||
Negative | 0 (0) | 1 (2,3) | ||
EBV | 0,429 | |||
Done | 4 (8.9) | 3 (7.0) | ||
Positive | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Troponin-I increasing | 0 (0) | 2 (4.7) | NA | |
LDH Increasing | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | NA | |
LDH Value (IU/L) | NA | 310.00; 310.00 [310.00-310.00] | NA | |
Complete blood count (CBC) | 0.457 | |||
Done | 9 (20.0) | 12 (27.9) | ||
Not performed | 36 (80.0) | 31 (72.1) | ||
