Table 1 Demographics and characteristics of the study population in the discovery and validation cohorts.

From: Identification of plasma extracellular vesicle protein biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy progression

 

Discovery cohort

Validation cohort

ALL

HC

DM

NPDR

PDR

P-value

ALL

HC

DM

NPDR

PDR

P-value

N = 23

N = 6

N = 6

N = 6

N = 5

 

N = 107

N = 26

N = 30

N = 26

N = 25

 

Gender

     

1.000

     

0.643

Female

7 (30.4%)

2 (33.3%)

2 (33.3%)

2 (33.3%)

1 (20.0%)

 

51 (47.7%)

15 (57.7%)

14 (46.7%)

12 (45.0%)

10 (40.0%)

 

Male

16 (69.6%)

4 (66.7%)

4 (66.7%)

4 (66.7%)

4 (80.0%)

 

56 (52.3%)

11 (42.3%)

16 (53.3%)

14 (53.8%)

15 (60.0%)

 

Age

     

0.417

     

0.239

< 60

11 (47.8%)

4 (66.7%)

1 (16.7%)

3 (50.0%)

3 (60.0%)

 

29 (27.1%)

8 (30.8%)

6 (20.0%)

6 (23.1%)

9 (36.0%)

 

≥ 60

12 (52.2%)

2 (33.3%)

5 (83.3%)

3 (50.0%)

2 (40.0%)

 

78 (72.9%)

18 (69.2%)

24 (80.0%)

20 (76.9%)

16 (64.0%)

 

Duration of DR

     

< 0.001

     

< 0.001

< 1year

7 (30.4%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

4 (66.7%)

3 (60.0%)

 

7 (6.5%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (3.3%)

3 (11.5%)

3 (12.0%)

 

> 1year

4 (17.4%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (33.3%)

2 (40.0%)

 

9 (8.4%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (3.8%)

8 (32.0%)

 

without

12 (52.2%)

6 (100.0%)

6 (100.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 

70 (65.4%)

26 (100.0%)

28 (93.3%)

16 (61.5%)

0 (0.0%)

 

Unknown

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 

21 (19.6%)

 

1 (3.3%)

6 (23.1%)

14 (56.0%)

 

DME

     

0.005

     

< 0.001

No

16 (69.6%)

6 (100.0%)

6 (100.0%)

3 (50.0%)

1 (20.0%)

 

86 (80.4%)

26 (100.0%)

29 (96.7%)

15 (57.7%)

16 (64.0%)

 

Yes

7 (30.4%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

3 (50.0%)

4 (80.0%)

 

13 (12.1%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

5 (19.2%)

8 (32.0%)

 

Unknown

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 

8 (7.5%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (3.3%)

6 (23.1%)

1 (4.0%)

 

Retinal Hemorrhage

     

< 0.001

     

< 0.001

No

12 (52.2%)

5 (83.3%)

6 (100.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (20.0%)

 

57 (53.3%)

24 (92.3%)

28 (93.3%)

5 (19.2%)

0 (0.0%)

 

Unknown

1 (4.3%)

1 (16.7%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 

8 (7.5%)

1 (3.8%)

1 (3.3%)

6 (23.1%)

0 (0.0%)

 

Yes

10 (43.5%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

6 (100.0%)

4 (80.0%)

 

42 (39.2%)

1 (3.8%)

1 (3.3%)

15 (55.7%)

25 (100.0%)

 

FPG (mmol/L)

7.8 ± 3.7

8.2 ± 3.4

5.7 ± 0.5

10.4 ± 5.4

7.0 ± 2.3

0.144

6.63 ± 2.01

5.60 ± 1.63

7.01 ± 1.29

7.15 ± 2.67

6.88 ± 2.32

0.026

HbA1c (%)

7.3 ± 1.7

7.9 ± 1.4

5.6 ± 0.1

7.8 ± 1.5

7.6 ± 2.3

0.083

7.42 ± 1.51

5.79 ± 0.37

8.28 ± 1.55

7.64 ± 1.51

7.12 ± 0.96

< 0.001

  1. HC, healthy control; DM, diabetes mellitus; DR, diabetic retinopathy; NPDR, non-proliferative DR; PDR, proliferative DR; DME, diabetic macular edema; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin. Unless otherwise specified, data are presented as mean ± SD.
Back to article page